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Evaluation of Strategies for Transitioning to Annual SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination Campaigns in the United States.
Annals of Internal Medicine 2024 March 27
BACKGROUND: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has proposed administering annual SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of an annual SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign, quantify the health and economic benefits of a second dose provided to children younger than 2 years and adults aged 50 years or older, and optimize the timing of a second dose.
DESIGN: An age-structured dynamic transmission model.
SETTING: United States.
PARTICIPANTS: A synthetic population reflecting demographics and contact patterns in the United States.
INTERVENTION: Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 with age-specific uptake similar to that of influenza vaccination.
MEASUREMENTS: Incidence, hospitalizations, deaths, and direct health care cost.
RESULTS: The optimal timing between the first and second dose delivered to children younger than 2 years and adults aged 50 years or older in an annual vaccination campaign was estimated to be 5 months. In direct comparison with a single-dose campaign, a second booster dose results in 123 869 fewer hospitalizations (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 121 994 to 125 742 fewer hospitalizations) and 5524 fewer deaths (95% UI, 5434 to 5613 fewer deaths), averting $3.63 billion (95% UI, $3.57 billion to $3.69 billion) in costs over a single year.
LIMITATIONS: Population immunity is subject to degrees of immune evasion for emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. The model was implemented in the absence of nonpharmaceutical interventions and preexisting vaccine-acquired immunity.
CONCLUSION: The direct health care costs of SARS-CoV-2, particularly among adults aged 50 years or older, would be substantially reduced by administering a second dose 5 months after the initial dose.
PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Notsew Orm Sands Foundation, National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Science Foundation.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of an annual SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign, quantify the health and economic benefits of a second dose provided to children younger than 2 years and adults aged 50 years or older, and optimize the timing of a second dose.
DESIGN: An age-structured dynamic transmission model.
SETTING: United States.
PARTICIPANTS: A synthetic population reflecting demographics and contact patterns in the United States.
INTERVENTION: Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 with age-specific uptake similar to that of influenza vaccination.
MEASUREMENTS: Incidence, hospitalizations, deaths, and direct health care cost.
RESULTS: The optimal timing between the first and second dose delivered to children younger than 2 years and adults aged 50 years or older in an annual vaccination campaign was estimated to be 5 months. In direct comparison with a single-dose campaign, a second booster dose results in 123 869 fewer hospitalizations (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 121 994 to 125 742 fewer hospitalizations) and 5524 fewer deaths (95% UI, 5434 to 5613 fewer deaths), averting $3.63 billion (95% UI, $3.57 billion to $3.69 billion) in costs over a single year.
LIMITATIONS: Population immunity is subject to degrees of immune evasion for emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. The model was implemented in the absence of nonpharmaceutical interventions and preexisting vaccine-acquired immunity.
CONCLUSION: The direct health care costs of SARS-CoV-2, particularly among adults aged 50 years or older, would be substantially reduced by administering a second dose 5 months after the initial dose.
PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Notsew Orm Sands Foundation, National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and National Science Foundation.
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