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Johann von Felden, Teresa Garcia-Lezana, Navneet Dogra, Edgar Gonzalez-Kozlova, Mehmet Eren Ahsen, Amanda Craig, Stacey Gifford, Benjamin Wunsch, Joshua T Smith, Sungcheol Kim, Jennifer E L Diaz, Xintong Chen, Ismail Labgaa, Philipp Haber, Reena Olsen, Dan Han, Paula Restrepo, Delia D'Avola, Gabriela Hernandez-Meza, Kimaada Allette, Robert Sebra, Behnam Saberi, Parissa Tabrizian, Amon Asgharpour, Douglas Dieterich, Josep M Llovet, Carlos Cordon-Cardo, Ash Tewari, Myron Schwartz, Gustavo Stolovitzky, Bojan Losic, Augusto Villanueva
OBJECTIVE: Surveillance tools for early cancer detection are suboptimal, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and biomarkers are urgently needed. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained increasing scientific interest due to their involvement in tumour initiation and metastasis; however, most extracellular RNA (exRNA) blood-based biomarker studies are limited to annotated genomic regions. DESIGN: EVs were isolated with differential ultracentrifugation and integrated nanoscale deterministic lateral displacement arrays (nanoDLD) and quality assessed by electron microscopy, immunoblotting, nanoparticle tracking and deconvolution analysis...
July 28, 2021: Gut
#2
David Bergman, James King, Benjamin Lebwohl, Mark S Clements, Bjorn Roelstraete, Gilaad G Kaplan, Peter Hr Green, Joseph A Murray, Jonas F Ludvigsson
OBJECTIVES: To assess the incidence of biopsy-verified coeliac disease (CD) in Sweden and examine the incidence of duodenal/jejunal biopsies with normal mucosa over time as a proxy for CD awareness and investigation. DESIGN: Nationwide population-based cohort study 1990-2015 based on biopsy reports indicating villous atrophy (VA) or normal mucosa in the duodenum/jejunum. RESULTS: We identified 44 771 individuals (63% females) with a biopsy report specifying VA and 412 279 (62% females) with a biopsy report indicating normal mucosa (without a prior biopsy indicating VA)...
July 28, 2021: Gut
#3
Sonia Tarallo, Giulio Ferrero, Francesca De Filippis, Antonio Francavilla, Edoardo Pasolli, Valentina Panero, Francesca Cordero, Nicola Segata, Sara Grioni, Ruggero Gaetano Pensa, Barbara Pardini, Danilo Ercolini, Alessio Naccarati
OBJECTIVES: MicroRNA (miRNA) profiles have been evaluated in several biospecimens in relation to common diseases for which diet may have a considerable impact. We aimed at characterising how specific diets are associated with the miRNome in stool of vegans, vegetarians and omnivores and how this is reflected in the gut microbial composition, as this is still poorly explored. DESIGN: We performed small RNA and shotgun metagenomic sequencing in faecal samples and dietary recording from 120 healthy volunteers, equally distributed for the different diets and matched for sex and age...
July 27, 2021: Gut
#4
Yating Wan, Tao Zuo, Zhilu Xu, Fen Zhang, Hui Zhan, Dorothy Chan, Ting-Fan Leung, Yun Kit Yeoh, Francis K L Chan, Ruth Chan, Siew C Ng
OBJECTIVE: The gut microbiota has been suggested to play a role in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We postulate that children with ASD harbour an altered developmental profile of the gut microbiota distinct from that of typically developing (TD) children. Here, we aimed to characterise compositional and functional alterations in gut microbiome in association with age in children with ASD and to identify novel faecal bacterial markers for predicting ASD. DESIGN: We performed deep metagenomic sequencing in faecal samples of 146 Chinese children (72 ASD and 74 TD children)...
July 26, 2021: Gut
#5
Maria Arechederra, María Rullán, Irene Amat, Daniel Oyon, Lucia Zabalza, Maria Elizalde, M Ujue Latasa, Maria R Mercado, David Ruiz-Clavijo, Cristina Saldaña, Ignacio Fernández-Urién, Juan Carrascosa, Vanesa Jusué, David Guerrero-Setas, Cruz Zazpe, Iranzu González-Borja, Bruno Sangro, Jose M Herranz, Ana Purroy, Isabel Gil, Leonard J Nelson, Juan J Vila, Marcin Krawczyk, Krzysztof Zieniewicz, Waldemar Patkowski, Piotr Milkiewicz, Francisco Javier Cubero, Gorka Alkorta-Aranburu, Maite G Fernandez-Barrena, Jesus M Urman, Carmen Berasain, Matias A Avila
OBJECTIVE: Despite significant progresses in imaging and pathological evaluation, early differentiation between benign and malignant biliary strictures remains challenging. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is used to investigate biliary strictures, enabling the collection of bile. We tested the diagnostic potential of next-generation sequencing (NGS) mutational analysis of bile cell-free DNA (cfDNA). DESIGN: A prospective cohort of patients with suspicious biliary strictures (n=68) was studied...
July 20, 2021: Gut
#6
Luca Saverio Belli, Christophe Duvoux, Paolo Angelo Cortesi, Rita Facchetti, Speranta Iacob, Giovanni Perricone, Sylvie Radenne, Sara Conti, Damiano Patrono, Gabriela Berlakovich, Angus Hann, Luisa Pasulo, Lluis Castells, Francois Faitot, Olivier Detry, Federica Invernizzi, Giulia Magini, Paolo De Simone, Ilias Kounis, Maria Cristina Morelli, Fernando Díaz Fontenla, Bo-Göran Ericzon, Carmelo Loinaz, Chris Johnston, Liliana Gheorghe, Mickael Lesurtel, Renato Romagnoli, Dagmar Kollmann, M Thamara Pr Perera, Stefano Fagiuoli, Darius Mirza, Audrey Coilly, Christian Toso, Krzysztof Zieniewicz, Laure Elkrief, Vincent Karam, Rene Adam, Caroline den Hoed, Marco Merli, Massimo Puoti, Luciano De Carlis, Gabriel C Oniscu, Salvatore Piano, Paolo Angeli, Constantino Fondevila, Wojciech G Polak
OBJECTIVE: Explore the impact of COVID-19 on patients on the waiting list for liver transplantation (LT) and on their post-LT course. DESIGN: Data from consecutive adult LT candidates with COVID-19 were collected across Europe in a dedicated registry and were analysed. RESULTS: From 21 February to 20 November 2020, 136 adult cases with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from 33 centres in 11 European countries were collected, with 113 having COVID-19...
July 19, 2021: Gut
#7
Nora D Hallensleben, Hester C Timmerhuis, Robbert A Hollemans, Sabrina Pocornie, Janneke van Grinsven, Sandra van Brunschot, Olaf J Bakker, Rogier van der Sluijs, Matthijs P Schwartz, Peter van Duijvendijk, Tessa Römkens, Martijn W J Stommel, Robert C Verdonk, Marc G Besselink, Stefan A W Bouwense, Thomas L Bollen, Hjalmar C van Santvoort, Marco J Bruno
OBJECTIVE: Following an episode of acute biliary pancreatitis, cholecystectomy is advised to prevent recurrent biliary events. There is limited evidence regarding the optimal timing and safety of cholecystectomy in patients with necrotising biliary pancreatitis. DESIGN: A post hoc analysis of a multicentre prospective cohort. Patients with biliary pancreatitis and a CT severity score of three or more were included in 27 Dutch hospitals between 2005 and 2014. Primary outcome was the optimal timing of cholecystectomy in patients with necrotising biliary pancreatitis, defined as: the optimal point in time with the lowest risk of recurrent biliary events and the lowest risk of complications of cholecystectomy...
July 16, 2021: Gut
#8
Ahmad Salhab, Johnny Amer, Yinying Lu, Rifaat Safadi
OBJECTIVE: Sodium+ / taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) is a membrane transporter affecting the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids (BAs). We aimed to evaluate NTCP's roles in humans and animal models of liver fibrosis (LF). DESIGN: Primary hepatic stellate cells (pHSCs) isolated from livers biopsies of patients with LF with different fibrosis grading were stained for NTCP. NTCP gene silencing, taurocholic acid (TCA), obeticholic acid (OCA), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and HA-100 dihydrochloride (HA-100) were used as tools to modulate NTCP expression on human HSC line (LX2)...
July 15, 2021: Gut
#9
Mohamed Abdelrahim, Hiroyasu Saiga, Naoto Maeda, Ejaz Hossain, Hitoshi Ikeda, Pradeep Bhandari
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
July 15, 2021: Gut
#10
REVIEW
Palak J Trivedi, Gideon M Hirschfield
Autoimmune liver diseases are chronic inflammatory hepatobiliary disorders that when classically defined encompass three distinctive clinical presentations; primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). Meaningful changes in disease epidemiology are reported, with increasing incidence and prevalence of AIH and PSC in Europe, and rising prevalence of PBC across Europe, North America and the Asia-Pacific region. However, there appears to be very significant global variation with contemporary incidence rates of disease per 100 000 ranging from 0...
July 15, 2021: Gut
#11
LETTER
Jigar Patel, Ivan Berezowski, Rajesh Naidu Janapala, Ali Pourmand
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
July 14, 2021: Gut
#12
LETTER
Reinier Cornelis Anthonius van Linschoten, Rachel West, Desirée van Noord, Nikki van Leeuwen
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
July 14, 2021: Gut
#13
Shanshan Xiong, Charles E Whitehurst, Li Li, Gyu Seong Heo, Chin-Wen Lai, Umang Jain, Brian D Muegge, Scott T Espenschied, Ryan J Musich, Minhu Chen, Yongjian Liu, Ta-Chiang Liu, Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
OBJECTIVE: Fibrosis is a common feature of Crohn's disease (CD) which can involve the mesenteric fat. However, the molecular signature of this process remains unclear. Our goal was to define the transcriptional signature of mesenteric fibrosis in CD subjects and to model mesenteric fibrosis in mice to improve our understanding of CD pathogenesis. DESIGN: We performed histological and transcriptional analysis of fibrosis in CD samples. We modelled a CD-like fibrosis phenotype by performing repeated colonic biopsies in mice and analysed the model by histology, type I collagen-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) and global gene expression...
July 14, 2021: Gut
#14
Paul Oster, Laurie Vaillant, Erika Riva, Brynn McMillan, Christina Begka, Caroline Truntzer, Corentin Richard, Marine M Leblond, Meriem Messaoudene, Elisavet Machremi, Emeric Limagne, Francois Ghiringhelli, Bertrand Routy, Gregory Verdeil, Dominique Velin
OBJECTIVE: In this study, we determined whether Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) infection dampens the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. DESIGN: Using mouse models, we evaluated whether immune checkpoint inhibitors or vaccine-based immunotherapies are effective in reducing tumour volumes of H. pylori -infected mice. In humans, we evaluated the correlation between H. pylori seropositivity and the efficacy of the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade therapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)...
July 12, 2021: Gut
#15
Jianpeng Sheng, Junlei Zhang, Lin Wang, Vincent Tano, Jianghui Tang, Xun Wang, Jiangchao Wu, Jinyuan Song, Yaxing Zhao, Jingxia Rong, Fei Cheng, Jianfeng Wang, Yinan Shen, Liang Wen, Junjun He, Hui Zhang, Taohong Li, Qi Zhang, Xueli Bai, Zhimin Lu, Tingbo Liang
OBJECTIVE: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumour microenvironment (TME) is highly complex with diverse cellular components organising into various functional units, cellular neighbourhoods (CNs). And we wanted to define CN of HCC while preserving the TME architecture, based on which, potential targets for novel immunotherapy could be identified. DESIGN: A highly multiplexed imaging mass cytometry (IMC) panel was designed to simultaneously quantify 36 biomarkers of tissues from 134 patients with HCC and 7 healthy donors to generate 562 highly multiplexed histology images at single-cell resolution...
July 12, 2021: Gut
#16
LETTER
Yan Zhao, Mingyue Cheng, Liang Zou, Luxu Yin, Chaofang Zhong, Yuguo Zha, Xue Zhu, Lei Zhang, Kang Ning, Jinxiang Han
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
July 8, 2021: Gut
#17
LETTER
Jarosław Biliński, Katarzyna Winter, Marcin Jasiński, Anna Szczęś, Natalia Bilinska, Benjamin H Mullish, Ewa Małecka-Panas, Grzegorz W Basak
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
July 6, 2021: Gut
#18
Lochlan Fennell, Alexandra Kane, Cheng Liu, Diane McKeone, Gunter Hartel, Chang Su, Catherine Bond, Mark Bettington, Barbara Leggett, Vicki Whitehall
OBJECTIVE: Sessile serrated lesions (SSLs) are common across the age spectrum, but the BRAF mutant cancers arising occur predominantly in the elderly. Aberrant DNA methylation is uncommon in SSL from young patients. Here, we interrogate the role of ageing and DNA methylation in SSL initiation and progression. DESIGN: We used an inducible model of Braf mutation to direct recombination of the oncogenic Braf V637E allele to the murine intestine. BRAF mutation was activated after periods of ageing, and tissue was assessed for histological, DNA methylation and gene expression changes thereafter...
July 6, 2021: Gut
#19
Devin Abrahami, Emily Gibson McDonald, Mireille E Schnitzer, Alan N Barkun, Samy Suissa, Laurent Azoulay
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether new users of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are at an increased risk of gastric cancer compared with new users of histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs). DESIGN: Using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink, we conducted a population-based cohort study using a new-user active comparator design. From 1 January 1990 to 30 April 2018, we identified 973 281 new users of PPIs and 193 306 new users of H2RAs. Cox proportional hazards models were fit to estimate HRs and 95% CIs of gastric cancer, and the number needed to harm was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method...
July 5, 2021: Gut
#20
Devin Abrahami, Emily Gibson McDonald, Mireille E Schnitzer, Alan N Barkun, Samy Suissa, Laurent Azoulay
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, compared with histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs). DESIGN: The United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink was used to identify initiators of PPIs and H2RA from 1990 to 2018, with follow-up until 2019. Cox proportional hazards models were fit to estimate marginal HRs and 95% CIs of colorectal cancer. The models were weighted using standardised mortality ratio weights using calendar time-specific propensity scores...
July 1, 2021: Gut
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