Annals of Internal Medicine

BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal swabs are the primary sampling method used for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but they require a trained health care professional and extensive personal protective equipment. PURPOSE: To determine the difference in sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 detection between nasopharyngeal swabs and saliva and estimate the incremental cost per additional SARS-CoV-2 infection detected with nasopharyngeal swabs...

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Racial and ethnic minority populations in the United States experience disparities in their health and health care that arise from a combination of interacting factors, including racism and discrimination, social drivers of health, health care access and quality, individual behavior, and biology. To ameliorate these disparities, the American College of Physicians (ACP) proposes a comprehensive policy framework that recognizes and confronts the many elements of U.S. society, some of which are intertwined and compounding, that contribute to poorer health outcomes...

Sickle cell disease is an umbrella term for a group of hemoglobinopathies characterized by the presence of 2 β-globin gene mutations or deletions, at least 1 of which is the point mutation that leads to the production of hemoglobin S. Sickle cell disease is associated with hemolytic anemia, significant chronic end-organ damage, and early death. In high-income countries, at least 95% of children with the disease survive into adulthood, resulting in a growing population of affected adults with significant comorbidities, complex medical issues, and not enough specialists to provide care...

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BACKGROUND: Experts recommend that persons with knee osteoarthritis wear stable supportive shoes; however, evidence suggests that flat flexible shoes may be more beneficial. OBJECTIVE: To compare flat flexible with stable supportive shoes for knee osteoarthritis symptoms. DESIGN: Participant- and assessor-blinded randomized trial. (Prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry [ACTRN12617001098325]). SETTING: Community...

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BACKGROUND: Since 1995, 14 states have passed laws encouraging or mandating influenza vaccination for hospital workers. Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends vaccinating health care workers to reduce disease transmission and patient risk, the effect of these laws on pneumonia and influenza mortality is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To measure the effect of state-level hospital worker influenza vaccination laws on pneumonia and influenza mortality...

Black DM, Geiger EJ, Eastell R, et al. Atypical femur fracture risk versus fragility fracture prevention with bisphosphonates. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:743-53. 32813950.

Juraschek SP, Hu JR, Cluett JL, et al. Effects of intensive blood pressure treatment on orthostatic hypotension: a systematic review and individual participant-based meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2020. [Epub ahead of print.] 32909814.

Nidorf SM, Fiolet ATL, Mosterd A, et al. Colchicine in patients with chronic coronary disease. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:1838-47. 32865380.

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Lamontagne F, Agoritsas T, Macdonald H, et al. A living WHO guideline on drugs for covid-19. BMJ. 2020;370:m3379. 32887691.