Apolipoprotein E is a Potential Biomarker for Predicting Cancer Prognosis and is Correlated with Immune Infiltration.

BACKGROUND: Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is a polymorphic protein that plays a role in lipoprotein transformation and metabolism. It is involved in numerous physiological processes within the body and is closely associated with tumor growth and metastasis. However, the role of APOE in pan-cancer has yet to be evaluated. Therefore, studying the association between APOE and various cancer types is crucial for providing a basis for individualized treatment strategies and clinical prognosis assessment.

METHODS: We investigated the diagnostic and prognostic significance of APOE across 33 tumor types, as well as its correlation with tumor mutation burden (TMB) and microsatellite instability (MSI). Additionally, we employed the ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms to analyze the potential impact of APOE on the immune system. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted to explore its underlying physiological function.

RESULTS: Based on observations from a pan-cancer dataset, APOE expression was significantly different between cancer and normal tissues, and was simultaneously associated with survival outcomes in terms of cancer type, clinical annotation, TMB, MSI, and TICs abundance. In addition, the results also showed that expression of APOE may respond to a variety of cancer chemotherapy.

CONCLUSION: The findings from this study strongly indicate a close association between APOE and tumor development. Moreover, APOE shows promise as a potential biomarker for predicting prognosis and response to immunotherapy in patients with pan-cancer.