Perspectives on self-directed learning in bioscience in nurse education - An integrative review.

OBJECTIVES: There is a lack of synthesized knowledge on nursing students self-directed learning in bioscience and how to best support students' learning in this subject. The purpose of this integrative review is to synthesize current literature on perspectives on self-directed learning among nursing students studying bioscience to guide further research aiming to support students' learning more effectively.

METHODS: An integrative review in line with Whittemore & Knafl's modified framework containing five stages: problem identification, literature search, data evaluation, data analysis and presentation. A structured literature search was undertaken in the Web of Science, ERIC, Medline and CINAHL databases from November 2022 to January 2023. The inclusion criteria were nursing students enrolled in a bachelor programme, research addressing activities intended for learning bioscience, in addition to formal taught lectures and perspectives on self-directed learning in natural science subjects within nurse education such as views, actions, activities, habits and attitudes. Exclusion criteria were students in other education programs, research in formal learning contexts, and self-directed learning in other subjects than natural science subjects. Rigour of each included source was assessed using Whittemore & Knafl's suggested 2-point scale (high or low). A constant comparison method was used to synthesize results.

RESULTS: Of the initial 1143 sources, 12 articles were included after abstract and full-text screening: one pilot study for randomized controlled trial, one qualitative study, two mixed methods studies and eight quantitative studies. The sample size was from 23 to 563 participants.

DISCUSSION: This review identifies self-directed learning in bioscience understood as a continuum of teacher-directedness and self-directedness rather than as distinguished orientations. There seem to be no consistent definition of self-directed learning in bioscience, yet descriptions commonly imply metacognitive learning approaches. Nursing students value digital learning resources, yet technology might be secondary to the skill of self-directed learning.