Genome Mining of a Deep-Sea-Derived Penicillium allii-sativi Revealed Polyketide-Terpenoid Hybrids with Antiosteoporosis Activity.

Two novel meroterpenoids, alliisativins A and B ( 1 , 2 ) were discovered through a genome-based exploration of the biosynthetic gene clusters of the deep-sea-derived fungus Penicillium allii-sativi MCCC entry 3A00580. Extensive spectroscopic analysis, quantum calculations, chemical derivatization, and biogenetic considerations were utilized to establish their structures. Alliisativins A and B ( 1 , 2 ) possess a unique carbon skeleton featuring a drimane sesquiterpene with a highly oxidized polyketide. Noteworthily, alliisativin A ( 1 ) showed dual activity in promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclast, indicating an antiosteoporosis potential.