Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism

AIMS: This study aims to investigate the combined association of adiposity and walking pace with incident type 2 diabetes. METHODS: We undertook a prospective cohort study on 194,304 White-European participants (mean age 56.5 years, 55.9% women). Participants' walking pace was self-reported as brisk, average, or slow. Adiposity included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and body fat percentage (BF%). The associations were investigated using Cox proportional hazard models, with a 2-year landmark analysis...

People with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and those with pre-diabetes have an increased risk of heart failure (HF). Longer duration of T2DM correlates with a greater risk of HF, but HF is also seen in patients with recent onset diabetes. Insulin resistance is more likely to be present in patients with HF. The risk of HF persists even in the face of standard of care preventive treatments for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). HF is commonly the presenting symptom of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in people with diabetes and HF is the most expensive complication of diabetes due to the high cost of hospitalizations...

AIMS: To study the association between HbA1c and sepsis in adults with type 1 diabetes, and to explore the relationship between HbA1c and mortality among individuals who developed sepsis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 33,549 adult individuals with type 1 diabetes recorded in the Swedish National Diabetes Register between January, 2005 and December, 2015. We used multivariable Cox regression and restricted cubic spline analyses to study the relationship between HbA1c values and sepsis occurrence and association between HbA1c and mortality among those with sepsis...

Global prevalence and increasing incidence rates of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has rippling effects on healthcare costs and diminishing quality of life. Despite advances in technology, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusions (CSII), or insulin pump therapy, is rarely being recommended by health care professionals (HCP) and is underutilized in T2D management. This review analyzes the available literature for CSII use in T2D patients. Moreover, it discusses which groups of patients may benefit from CSII, potential challenges to CSII use, and suggests future directions for research to expand the applicability of this technology to the broader T2D population...

AIMS: Without access to leptin replacement, patients with generalized lipodystrophy (GL) are at high risk for severe metabolic disease. Although there is a well-established GL registry in Turkey since the early 2000s, leptin replacement treatment was not available until recently. This gave us a unique opportunity to describe the natural history of GL. METHODS: This study reports on 72 patients with GL (47 families) who were registered at different centers in Turkey that cover all regions of the country...

AIM: To describe the design of Semaglutide cardiOvascular oUtcomes triaL (SOUL) and baseline clinical data of its participants. In SOUL, the effects of oral semaglutide, the first oral glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, on the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events in individuals with type 2 diabetes and established atherosclerotic CV disease (ASCVD) and/or chronic kidney disease (CKD) will be assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: SOUL is a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled CV outcomes trial comparing oral semaglutide (14 mg once daily) with placebo, both in addition to standard of care, in individuals aged ≥50 years with type 2 diabetes with evidence of ASCVD (coronary artery disease [CAD], cerebrovascular disease, symptomatic peripheral arterial disease [PAD]) and/or CKD (estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min/1...

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AIM: With growing evidence on the roles of fibre from different food sources on health, we aimed to assess the associations of total dietary and fibre from different food sources (i.e., cereal, fruit, and vegetable) with the risk of diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS) enrolled 41 513 participants 40-69 years of age from 1990 to 1994. The first and second follow-ups were conducted in 1994-1998 and 2003-2007, respectively...

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OBJECTIVE: In patients with type 2 diabetes who were inadequately controlled with metformin and sulfonylurea, we compared the glucose-lowering efficacy, cardiometabolic parameters, and safety of two drugs, ipragliflozin, a SGLT-2 inhibitor, and sitagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Patients with 7.5%-9.0% glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) treated with metformin and sulfonylurea were randomly assigned to ipragliflozin (50 mg, n = 70) or sitagliptin (100 mg, n = 70) therapy for 24 weeks...

AIM: To assess the efficacy of bexagliflozin in reducing glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and the occurrence of side effects in patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2). METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and ClinicalTrials.gov databases for placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trials until February 15, 2023. The primary outcome was change in HbA1c. We computed weighted mean differences (WMDs) for continuous outcomes and odds ratios (ORs) for binary endpoints, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs)...

AIM: To identify distinct glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c ) trajectories in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) starting second-line glucose-lowering therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DISCOVER was a 3-year observational study of individuals with T2D beginning second-line glucose-lowering therapy. Data were collected at initiation of second-line treatment (baseline) and at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months. Latent class growth modelling was used to identify groups with distinct HbA1c trajectories...

AIMS: Body fat accumulation is linked to type 2 diabetes risk. However, the relationship between body fat mass and glucose variability (GV) is unclear. Following the report that endogenous insulin secretion plays a role in GV stability in type 2 diabetes, we evaluated the additional contribution of body fat mass and serum adiponectin concentration to GV stability in people with type 2 diabetes with impaired versus preserved endogenous insulin secretion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This multicenter prospective observational study included 193 people with type 2 diabetes who underwent ambulatory continuous glucose monitoring, abdominal computed tomography and fasting blood sampling...

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AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, enavogliflozin 0.3 mg monotherapy, in Korean people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) inadequately controlled with diet and exercise. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in 23 hospitals. Individuals with haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of 7.0-10.0% after at least eight weeks of diet and exercise modification were randomised to receive enavogliflozin 0...

AIMS: Real-world data are required to support GLP-1 receptor agonist use in type 2 diabetes (T2D). SURE France assessed once-weekly semaglutide in adults with T2D in real-world clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This multicentre, prospective, open-label, single-arm study included adults with T2D and ≥1 documented HbA1c value ≤12 weeks before semaglutide initiation. The primary endpoint was HbA1c change from baseline to end of study (EOS; ~30 weeks)...

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AIMS: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious and potentially fatal complication of type 1 diabetes and it is difficult to identify individuals at increased risk. The aim of this study was to identify predictive factors for DKA by retrospective analysis of registry data and use of a subgroup discovery algorithm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from adults and children with type 1 diabetes and >2 diabetes-related visits were analyzed from the Diabetes Prospective Follow-up Registry...