Clinical Infectious Diseases

BACKGROUND: Adherence to tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) is an important determinant of clinical benefit. We assessed the association of participant behaviors early in TPT with subsequent discontinuation. METHODS: We used data from a phase 3 randomized trial, and preceding phase 2 trial, comparing four-months rifampin to nine-months isoniazid for TPT. We excluded participants whose providers discontinued TPT due to adverse events or tuberculosis disease...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is shown to cause substantial morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality in infants and older adults. Population-level modelling of RSV would allow for estimation of the full burden of disease and the potential epidemiological impact of novel prophylactics. METHODS: We model the epidemiology of RSV in the US across all ages using a deterministic compartmental transmission model. Population-level symptomatic RSV acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) cases were projected across different natural history scenarios, both with and without vaccination of older adults aged ≥ 60...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: The WHO recommends vaccines for prevention and control of typhoid fever, especially where antimicrobial-resistant typhoid circulates. In 2018 the Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC), implemented a TCV campaign. The campaign targeted all children aged 9-months through 14-years within NMMC boundaries (∼320,000 children) over 2 vaccination phases. The phase 1 campaign occurred from July 14-August 25, 2018 (71% coverage, ∼113,420 children). We evaluated the phase 1 campaign's programmatic effectiveness in reducing typhoid cases at the community level...

BACKGROUND: Public health programs varied in ability to reach people with COVID-19 and their contacts to encourage separation from others. For both adult cases of COVID-19 and contacts, we estimated the impact of contact tracing activities on separation behaviors from January, 2020 until March, 2022. METHODS: We used a probability-based panel survey of a nationally representative sample to gather data for estimates and comparisons. RESULTS: An estimated 64,255,351 adults reported a positive SARS-CoV-2 test result; 79...

BACKGROUND: In the POET (Partial Oral Endocarditis Treatment) trial, oral step-down therapy was noninferior to full-length intravenous antibiotic administration. The aim of the present study was to perform pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analyses for oral treatments of infective endocarditis to assess the probabilities of target attainment (PTAs). METHODS: Plasma concentrations of oral antibiotics were measured at day 1 and 5. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for the bacteria causing infective endocarditis (streptococci, staphylococci, or enterococci)...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Lung transplantation is one of the only options for patients with severe COVID-19-associated lung injury (CALI). Studies on patients who received a lung transplant for CALI have, to date, not looked at the infectious outcomes. METHODS: After IRB approval, a retrospective case-control cohort study, matched 1:1, collected data on patients who underwent lung transplantation for CALI (case) and for non-COVID-19 end-stage lung disease (control) between June 1, 2020 and April 1, 2022 at a large academic hospital in Chicago...

BACKGROUND: Older adults are recommended to receive influenza vaccination annually and many use statins. Statins have immunomodulatory properties that might modify influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) and alter influenza infection risk. METHODS: Using the test-negative design and linked laboratory and health administrative databases in Ontario, Canada, we estimated VE against laboratory-confirmed influenza among community-dwelling statin users and non-users aged ≥66 years during the 2010-2011 to 2018-2019 influenza seasons...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Inpatient direct oral challenge programs are increasingly deployed as part of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) initiatives to reduce the burden and impacts of penicillin allergy labels on antibiotic prescribing. Using data from a prospective multicentre cohort inpatient penicillin allergy program, we identify the key targets for delabeling to aid health service implementation.

BACKGROUND: Laboratory tests to diagnose neurosyphilis using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are currently disadvantageous as a lumbar puncture is required, which may result in patients with neurosyphilis missing an opportunity for early diagnosis. Thus, blood biomarker candidates that are more convenient and minimally invasive to collect for diagnosing neurosyphilis is urgently needed. METHODS: This observational study aimed to analyze serum ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NF-L) levels in 153 patients without HIV and to evaluate their diagnostic performance in neurosyphilis compared with CSF...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.