Peptidome comparion on the immune regulation effect of different casein fractions by cyclophosphamide mice model.

The protein composition of human milk plays a crucial role in infant formula milk powder formulation. Notably, significant differences exist between bovine casein and human milk casein. Previous studies have shown that casein hydrolysates could enhance immune function; however, gastrointestinal dyspepsia in infants affects the type and function of peptides. Therefore, the present study utilized peptidomics to sequence and analyze hydrolyzed peptides from different casein fractions. Additionally, animal experiments were conducted to assess the functionality of these casein fractions and elucidate their differences. The results revealed variations in peptide composition among the different casein fractions of formula milk powder. Interestingly, the β+κ-casein formula milk powder exhibited significant of peptides related to the immune system. Moreover, the β+κ-casein group significantly alleviated immune organ damage in cyclophosphamide-induced mice and regulated serum levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors. Furthermore, feeding different casein fractions influenced the intestinal microflora of cyclophosphamide-induced mice, with the β+κ-casein group mitigating the changes caused by cyclophosphamide. In conclusion, the findings suggest that β+κ-casein formula milk powder has the potential to positively enhance immunity. This study provides a robust theoretical basis for human-emulsified formula milk powder development.