Journal of Medical Virology

Given the prevalence of low-pathogenic but highly infectious Omicron variants, a cohort study was conducted to assess the response and duration of novel coronavirus-inactivated vaccine-induced antibodies one year after the third dose (day 641). Blood samples were collected and anti-spike neutralizing antibodies (neutralizing antibody), total antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein (total antibody), and immunoglobulin G antibodies against the spike protein (IgG antibody) were determined...

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to assess whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy could offer survival advantages for patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: An electronic search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, WanFang and CNKI was performed from December 1st, 2019 to December 25th, 2022. We included studies recruiting patients with COVID-19 and treated with MSCs. Data were independently extracted by two reviewers and synthesized with a random-effect analysis model...

It is believed that human papilloma virus infection (HPV), which is caused by the DNA virus, is the most prominent factor contributing to sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the world, with males having a prevalence rate of 3.5-45% while that women are 2-44%. Infertility is a rising problem on a global basis, affecting anywhere from 10-30 % of couples who have reached reproductive age. This study aims to investigate the existing research on HPV, its connection to male infertility, and how it could be a helpful tool for medical professionals managing HPV in the context of reproductive health care...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the genetic relationship between hypertension and COVID-19 and explore the molecular pathways linking hypertension to COVID-19. METHODS: We performed genetic correlation and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess potential associations between hypertension and hospitalized COVID-19. We compared genome-wide association signals to reveal shared genetic variation between hypertension and hospitalized COVID-19. Moreover, hypertension-driven molecular pathways were constructed based on large-scale literature data to understand the influence of hypertension on COVID-19 at the molecular level...

Monkeypox infection is caused by the Orthopoxvirus (OPXV) genus of the Poxviridae family, closely resembling its more famous sibling smallpox. Recently World Health Organization (WHO), have renamed monkeypox as Mpox citing racial concerns, so we will be referring monkeypox as Mpox There has been a recent outbreak in May 2022 when more than 31,800 confirmed and suspected cases of Mpox were identified in all 6 WHO regions. On 23 July 2022, WHO declared it a public health emergency. Prior to the current outbreak, Mpox had been reported in people from several parts of central and west African countries; and almost all Mpox cases in people outside of Africa were linked to international travel to countries where the disease commonly occurs or through imported animals...

Early in the 2022 Mpox (MPX) global outbreak, caseloads in the New York Metropolitan area climbed rapidly before other US urban areas. This case series summarizes the authors' clinical experience detecting and treating MPX, during a quickly evolving outbreak. Clinical outcomes were recorded with a focus on varied clinical presentation and outcomes such as complications and response to experimental tecovirimat therapy. A focal or multifocal rash was the most common presenting symptom in 91% of patients. Almost two thirds (62%) of patients had anogenital involvement...

To investigate the antigenic changes in parechovirus 1 (PeVA1), seroepidemiological analyses were performed against the Harris strain (Harris), isolated in 1956, and PeVA1/Yamagata.JPN/2021-4785, isolated in 2021, using immune sera and 207 and 237 human serum specimens collected in 2021 and 1976, respectively. Although rabbit immune sera showed the highest neutralization antibody (NT-Ab) titers against the immunized viruses at 1:12800~1:102400, they were cross-reactive at 1:400~1:800. All 62 Yamagata isolates obtained between 2001 and 2021 (Yamagata strains), belonging to phylogenetic lineage 1B, reacted more strongly (mostly 4-64 times) to antiserum against PeVA1/Yamagata...

Yellow fever (YF) virus is a mosquito-borne virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family that circulates in tropical and subtropical areas of Africa and South America. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine, YF remains a threat to travelers, residents of endemic areas, and unvaccinated populations. YF vaccination and natural infection both induce the production of neutralizing antibodies. Serological diagnostic methods detecting YF virus-specific antibodies demonstrate high levels of cross-reactivities with other flaviviruses...

Populations of different South Asian nations including Bangladesh reportedly have a high risk of developing diabetes in recent years. This study aimed to investigate the differences in the gut microbiome of COVID-19 positive participants with or without T2DM compared with healthy control subjects. Microbiome data of thirty participants with T2DM were compared with twenty-two age-, sex-, and BMI-matched individuals. Clinical features were recorded while fecal samples were collected aseptically from the participants...

In a recent population-based study conducted by Dr. Sáenz-Aldea and colleagues, colchicine was reported to have neutral influence to the risk of COVID-19 associated hospitalization and the susceptibility to COVID-19 viruses1 . We studied the study with great interest. Due to the study setting based on electronic medical records from citizens, covariates were rigorously considered and in turn making the researching results of the aforementioned study was convincible This article is protected by copyright...

Given the pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variants, booster vaccination (BV) using inactivated virus vaccines (the third dose) has been implemented in China. However, the immune responses after BV, especially those against Omicron, in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (CHB) are unclear. In this prospective longitudinal study, 114 patients with CHB and 68 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited after receiving inactivated vaccination. The anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG), neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), neutralization against Omicron (BA2...

The current COVID-19 vaccination program requires frequent booster vaccination to maintain sufficient neutralization levels against immune evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, prior studies found more potent and durable immune response in convalescing individuals, raising the possibility of less frequent booster vaccination for them. Here, we conducted a longitudinal immunological study based on two prospective cohorts of booster vaccinated convalescing COVID-19 patients or healthcare workers (HCW) without COVID-19 history in Xiangyang, China...

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and related public health intervention measures have been reported to have resulted in the reduction of infections caused by influenza viruses and other common respiratory viruses. However, the influence may be varied in areas that have different ecological, economic, and social conditions. This study investigated the changing epidemiology of 8 common respiratory pathogens, including Influenza A (IFVA), Influenza B (IFVB), Respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), rhinovirus (RV), Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) Adenovirus (AdV), Human bocavirus (HBOV), and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, among hospitalized children during spring and early summer in 2019-2021 in two hospitals in Hainan Island, China, in the COVID-19 pandemic era...

Cancer management is major concern of health organizations and viral cancers account for approximately 15.4% of all known human cancers. Due to large number of patients, efficient treatments for viral cancers are needed. De novo drug discovery is time consuming and expensive process with high failure rate in clinical stages. To address this problem and provide treatments to patients suffering from viral cancers faster, drug repurposing emerges as an effective alternative which aims to find the other indications of the FDA approved drugs...

Viral metagenomics has been extensively applied for the identification of emerging or poorly characterized viruses. In this study, we applied metagenomics for the identification of viral infections among pediatric patients with acute respiratory disease but who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. Twelve pools composed of 8 nasopharyngeal specimens were submitted to viral metagenomics. Surprisingly, in two of the pools, we identified reads belonging to the poorly characterized Malawi polyomavirus (MWPyV). Then, the samples composing the positive pools were individually tested using qPCR for identification of the MWPyV index cases...

The relation between infectious agents, particularly viruses, with autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases, has been extensively studied during the last decades. Recently, the association was shown to be even stronger during the pandemic of COVID-19, as the causative virus, SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2) has been linked to severe autoimmune sequela in infected individuals This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Measles virus (MeV) has been an excellent vector platform for delivering vaccines against many pathogens because of its high safety and efficacy, and induction of long-lived immunity. Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, a recombinant MeV (rMeV) expressing the prefusion full-length spike protein stabilized by two prolines (TMV-083) was developed and tested in phase 1 and 1/2 clinical trials but was discontinued because of insufficient immunogenicity and a low seroconversion rate in adults. Here, we compared the immunogenicity of rMeV expressing a soluble prefusion spike (preS) protein stabilized by two prolines (rMeV-preS-2P) with a rMeV expressing a soluble preS protein stabilized by six prolines (rMeV-preS-6P)...

Human influenza A/H2N2 can induce a pandemic in the future. This study evaluated the hemagglutination inhibition and neutralizing titers of intravenous immunoglobulin against A/H2N2 viruses, indicating the status of the donor population. In this study, the antibody titers decreased during the study period-2012-2021-suggesting a reduction in the immunity of the studied population. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Recent findings in permanent cell lines suggested that SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 induces a stronger interferon response than Delta. Here, we show that BA.1 and BA.5 but not Delta induce an antiviral state in air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of primary human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells and primary human monocytes. Both Omicron subvariants caused the production of biologically active type I (α/β) and III (λ) interferons and protected cells from super-infection with influenza A viruses...

BACKGROUND: Statins may protect against adverse outcomes from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through their pleiotropic effects. Endothelial dysfunction seems to be implicated in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, and can be attenuated by statins. This study assessed the role of preadmission statin therapy and its interaction with endothelial function, measured using flow-mediated dilation (FMD) at hospital admission, in predicting in-hospital outcomes among patients with COVID-19 having high-to-very high cardiovascular risk...