Endoscopic surgery via a combined frontal and suboccipital approach for cerebellar hemorrhage.

Background: Spontaneous cerebellar hemorrhages (CHs), which frequently require surgical intervention, are life-threatening and can be complicated by intraventricular hemorrhages (IVHs) and obstructive hydrocephalus. Commonly, endoscopic surgery is performed to remove CHs via a suboccipital approach (SA) alone. At our institution, when patients exhibited supratentorial IVH-associated hydrocephalus, we used a combined frontal and suboccipital approach (CA) to evacuate both CHs and supratentorial IVHs. The present study retrospectively evaluated the effectiveness and safety of this CA, as no prior studies examining this approach currently exist.

Methods: Twenty-six patients with spontaneous CH were surgically treated at our hospital from April 2009 to March 2016. Twenty-two patients who could independently perform activities of daily living before the onset underwent endoscopic surgery to evacuate the CHs; among these, 13 patients underwent the SA alone, while nine underwent the CA. We assessed and compared the patients' baseline characteristics, surgical results, and prognosis at 1 month after the intervention between the SA and CA groups.

Results: Patients who underwent the CA had significantly poorer consciousness before the surgery owing to IVH extension and obstructive hydrocephalus. However, the surgical results and prognosis at 1 month were not significantly different between the two approaches. The CH-associated IVHs were successfully removed with the CA and resulted in shorter external ventricular drainage (EVD) placement durations.

Conclusion: Endoscopic surgery performed via the CA appeared to neutralize the deteriorating effects of CH-associated IVHs. Surgical strategies employing the CA may have the potential to improve the prognosis of patients with CH.