Ultrastructural Pathology

This retrospective, cross-sectional study sought to examine the ultrastructural characteristics of glomerular lesions using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and their relationship with the high risk of progression phenotype defined by KDIGO guideline as proteinuria ≥1 g/24 hours despite 3 months of optimized supportive care. We analyzed 81 IgAN patients (median age 41 years, 67% male, eGFR 43.8 mL/min, proteinuria 1.04 g/day); 42 (52%) of them had high risk of progression...

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BACKGROUND AND AIM: A murine model mimicking osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) revealed with histology in the relay posterolateral (VPL) and ventral posteromedial (VPM) thalamic nuclei adjoined nerve cell bodies in chronic hyponatremia, amongst the damaged 12 h and 48 h after reinstatement of osmolality. This report aims to verify and complement with ultrastructure other neurophysiology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular biochemistry data to assess the connexin-36 protein, as part of those hinted close contacts...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects several organs including the kidney resulting in acute kidney injury (AKI) and variants of podocytopathies. From the beginning to the middle period of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have collected eight renal biopsies with various renal diseases including 4 podocytopathies. In addition, from the middle period to the near end of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have seen two of the patients who developed nephrotic syndrome following COVID-19 vaccination. Three of 4 podocytopathies were collapsing glomerulopathy (also called collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis) and the fourth was a minimal change disease (MCD)...

Busulfan is a widely used cancer chemotherapeutic agent. Temporary or permanent sterility in male patients is one of the most common side effects of this drug. The present study was performed to evaluate the changes in the microscopic structure of the testes of prepubertal rats, as well as the changes in PCNA and caspase-3 immune expression, at different durations after busulfan administration. The rats were 5 weeks old and were divided into two main groups. Control group and busulfan treated group. Busulfan treated group received a single dose of busulfan (40 mg/kg), then animals were subdivided to three subgroups; IIa, IIb, IIc which were sacrificed after four, ten and twenty weeks, respectively, from the beginning of the experiment...

A 34-year-old male presented with lung shadow and was asymptomatic during medical examination. The patient had a prior history of thyroid tumors. Imaging manifestation showed a nodule in the medial segment of the right middle lobe, with partial obstruction of the distal bronchus within the lesion. Ground-glass and inflammatory nodules were observed in the anterior segment of the right upper lobe, as well as chronic inflammatory changes in the lower lobe of the right lung. Lung histopathological examination suggested invasive adenocarcinoma...

This retrospective, observational study sought to examine the relationship between Ehrenreich-Churg electron microscopy (EM) stages and long-term outcomes in anti-PLA2R membranous nephropathy (MN). Seventy-one patients with anti-PLA2R MN (median titer 185.7RU/mL) were followed for a median of 46 months, with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) as the primary endpoint, and response to treatment as a secondary endpoint. Patients were grouped into stages I-II (41 patients) and stages III-IV (30 patients) for analytical purposes...

Invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type is the most common type of breast cancer. In light of the above, many authors have reported the histological and electron microscopic characteristics of these tumors. On the other hand, a limited number of works exist where the authors have concentrated on investigating the extracellular matrix. This article presents data received as the results of light and electron microscopic examination of the extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, and cellular microenvironment of invasive breast ductal carcinoma of no special type...

Recent studies indicate that cilia impairment, accompanied by the axonema loss and the basal body misorientation, is a common pathological feature of SARS-CoV-2-infected bronchial epithelial cells. However, these data were obtained using either cultured cells, or animal models, while in human postmortem material, cilia impairment has not been described yet. Here, we present direct observation of cilia impairment in SARS-CoV-2-infected bronchial epithelial cells using transmission electron microscopy of the autopsy material...

In this study, our aim was to show both the single and combined effects of cisplatin and jaceosidin in SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cells. For this purpose, we used MTT cellular viability assay, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Immunofluorescence Staining Assay (IFA) and Western blotting (WB) assay. According to MTT findings, IC50 dose was detected as 50 µM cisplatin and 160 µM jaceosidin co-application. Therefore, experimental groups were finally selected as control, cisplatin, 160 µM jaceosidin and Cisplatin +160 µM jaceosidin...

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a group of diseases characterized by immune-mediated lysis of mature red blood cells (RBCs). It is mainly classified into primary and secondary types based on etiology and mechanisms underlying autoantibody production. AIHA is diagnosed using morphological observation of bone marrow smears under a light microscope and monospecific direct antiglobulin test to detect hemolysis. Here, we retrospectively studied ultrastructural abnormalities of nucleated erythroid cells in bone marrows from 10 patients with AIHA using transmission electron microscopy...

Gliomas are the most prevalent type of malignant brain tumors with a very dismal prognosis. Angiogenesis in glioma has recently gotten more attention and its molecular aspects have been published; however, these were not complemented with ultrastructural evidence. Our ultrastructural examination of glioma vessels reveals several unique and critical features related to their mechanisms of progression and metastasis strategy. The detailed ultrastructural survey of 18 isocitrate dehydrogenase-wildtype (IDH1-wt) glioblastomas and 12 isocitrate dehydrogenase-mutant (IDH1-mt) High-grade gliomas indicated that tumor vessels of both types had undergone deformities such as the thickening of the vessel wall (VW) and proliferation of the basement membrane, contour distortions, abnormal and discontinuous basal lamina, tumor cells' invasion and colonization of VW, disappearance of endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes, and smooth muscle cells, as well as the formation of a continuous ring of tumor cells attached to the luminal side of VW in numerous cases...

Clinical and biochemical presentation of adrenal tumors may rarely conflict with their histologic features. In the present report, we describe a rare case of adrenal neoplasm clinically and biochemically labeled as pheochromocytoma which at histologic examination resulted adrenal cortical tumor. The neoplasm was examined with the electron microscope which revealed the presence of electron-dense neuroendocrine-type granules next to intracytoplasmic lipid droplets. The patient underwent laparoscopic left adrenalectomy which leads to normalization of 24 h urinary metanephrine and normetanephrine...

A biopsy of gastrocnemius muscle from a patient with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome was studied histologically in semithin sections stained by hematoxylin-and-eosin (H&E) and toluidine blue, and ultrathin sections by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). H&E stain demonstrated typical ragged-red fibers (RRFs) and affected fibers in fascicles. Toluidine-blue stain showed an irregular meshwork in the center of RRFs. TEM demonstrated damaged myofibrils and variations in mitochondrial structure in RRFs and affected fibers...

One of the most widely used medications for epilepsy is the broad-spectrum antiseizure levetiracetam. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of levetiracetam on the bodyweight and liver of pregnant rats and their offspring. The study involved treating the rats during pregnancy and lactation and then examining the pregnant rats and their offspring. Two groups of 40 pregnant rats were created (I, II). Each group was split up into two smaller groups (A, B). About 1.5 mL/day of distilled water was gavaged to the rats in group I, either continuously throughout pregnancy (IA) or continuously throughout pregnancy and 15 days after delivery (IB)...

The unlimited use of nanoparticles (NPs) results in toxic impacts on different tissues. The current study aimed to compare the adverse effects of AgNPs and TiO2 NPs on the parotid gland of adult male albino rats as regards the histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical changes, exploring the possible underlying mechanisms and the degree of improvement after cessation of administration. Fifty-four adult male albino rats were divided into control group (I), AgNPs-injected group (II), and TiO2 NPs-injected group (III)...

Tributyltin is used in industrial applications. This current research aimed to study the effect of Tributyltin on the thyroid gland structure and function of adult male albino rats and the protective effect of Lycopene. Twenty-one male adult albino rats were classified into three groups: Control, treated that received Tributyltin, and protective that received Lycopene with Tributyltin. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected and T4, T3, and (TSH) were measured. Tissue superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were estimated...

The steroidogenic activity of the granulosa cells is important for the reproductive cycle, and lipoproteins are involved in this process. The clathrin-mediated endocytosis pathway for LDL transport is considered to be the main one in eukaryotic cells. However, there are no studies that elucidate LDL internalization in human granulosa cells clarifying whether the clathrin-mediated endocytic pathway is functional in this process. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of clathrin and v-SNARE proteins in the formation of vesicles in human granulosa cells...

Obesity is a serious health issue. As regard, the central nervous system, obesity induces neuronal damage. Vitamin D has well-known anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. To detect if vitamin D protects against damage in the arcuate nucleus induced by a high fat-high fructose diet. Forty adult rats were used, and four groups were formed. Group I (negative control) kept on a standard chow diet for six weeks, Group II (positive control) received vitamin D orally once every other day for six weeks, Group III (high fat-high fructose treated group) was given high fat-high fructose diets for six weeks and Group IV (high fat-high fructose and vitamin D treated group) were given high fat-high fructose diets concomitantly with vitamin D for six weeks...

This study was performed to explore in detail the toxic effects of Tributyltin Chloride (TBT) on the pituitary-testicular axis and the possible amelioration with Hesperidin. Seventy-two adult male albino rats were divided into four groups: Control group (I), TBT-treated group (II), TBT+Hesperidin group (III), and Recovery group (IV). Body and testicular weights were measured. Blood samples were taken to estimate serum levels of testosterone, FSH and LH hormones by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was measured in testes homogenates...