Ultrastructural Pathology

The food color metanil yellow (Myl) is hazardous to several body systems. Evening primrose oil (EPO) was reported to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. The present work investigated the impact of Myl on the hepatic structure and function of rats and evaluated the protective effect of EPO. Forty adult male rats were divided into four groups: control, EPO (5 g/kg/day), Myl (200 mg/kg/day), and EPO- Myl group. Myl significantly increased liver enzymes, advanced glycation end products (AGE), oxidative stress parameters, pro-inflammatory cytokines, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)...

BACKGROUND: Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) results in acute kidney injury, but the cause of heavy proteinuria in this disorder is puzzling. The goal of this study was to determine if there were significant effacement of foot processes and CD133-positive hyperplastic podocytes in TMA to explain the proteinuria. METHODS: The study included 12 negative controls (renal parenchyma removed from renal cell carcinoma) and 28 thrombotic microangiopathy due to different etiologies...

Heavy metals are natural elements characterized by their relatively large atomic mass as well as high density. It can be introduced into the ecosystem by the mining of heavy metals from deep within the earth's crust, thereby exposing the metals into air and water systems. Cigarette smoke is another source of heavy metal exposure and has been shown to have carcinogenic, toxic and genotoxic properties. Cadmium, lead, and chromium are the most abundant metals found in cigarette smoke. In response to tobacco smoke exposure, endothelial cells release inflammatory and pro-atherogenic cytokines that are linked to endothelial dysfunction...

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that can cause numerous ocular issues as well as long-term effects. In our study, we evaluate the effect of melatonin on the diabetic retinal alterations in male albino rats to the effect of melatonin combined with stem cells. 50 adult male rats were equally divided into four groups control, diabetic, melatonin, and melatonin plus stem cells. STZ, 65 mg/kg in phosphate buffered was administered intraperitoneally as a bolus to diabetic group of rats. After inducing diabetes, melatonin (10 mg/kg b...

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is considered a long-term inflammatory disorder worldwide. Its pathogenesis is associated with reduced antioxidant capacity. Lycopene (LYC) is a powerful antioxidant with strong free radical scavenging property. The present work has done to assess changes of colonic mucosa in induced UC and the possible ameliorative effects of LYC. Forty-five adult male albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: group I (control), group II was given 5 mg/kg/day (LYC) by oral gavage for 3 weeks...

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common type of primary brain tumors in adults, characterized by its ability to proliferate rapidly and its tendency to aggressively and strongly invaded the surrounding brain tissue. The standard treatment approach of GBM is surgical resection followed by simultaneous chemotherapy and radiation. However, a significant number of GBM cases develop resistance to currently used chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, there is a need for the development of new chemotherapeutic agents. Trifolium p ratense L...

The rise in respiratory disease has been attributed to an increase in environmental pollution. Heavy metals contribute to environmental contamination via air, water, soil and food. The effects of atmospheric exposure to heavy metals on pulmonary structure and function have been researched, but the effects through drinking water have been neglected. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential in vivo alterations in the pulmonary tissue of male Sprague-Dawley rats after a 28-day oral exposure to copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and mercury (Hg), alone and in mixtures, at 100 times the World Health Organization's (WHO) safety limit for each heavy metal in drinking water...

Potassium dichromate is widely used in various laboratory and industrial applications. Vitamin C and melatonin are well-known antioxidants. Study the microscopic and morphometric alterations in the thyroid gland in adult male albino rats after the administration of potassium dichromate for successive 2 months and also to assess the possible protective effect of vitamin C versus melatonin on these changes. Sixty adult male albino rats were randomly divided into four main groups. Group I (The control group)...

Gliomas are the most common malignant brain tumors with poor prognosis. The WHO's classification recognizes isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 ( IDH1 ) mutant astrocytoma and IDH1 -wildtype glioblastoma (GBM). The IDH1 mutation confers a survival advantage over the wildtype. There are several explanations for the metabolic advantage of the IDH1 mutation, some involve mitochondrial implications. Since an ultrastructural comparison of both tumor genotypes is still lacking, we surveyed the ultrastructural effects of the IDH1 mutation on the mitochondria of the IDH1 -mutant astrocytoma (n = 15) and IDH1 -wildtype glioblastoma (n = 15) tumors...

Electronic-cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are devices designed to become an alternative to classic cigarettes. Vaping of e-cigarettes and their recharge liquid have become extremely popular among the adolescents; however, its safety is not well established. Evaluation of the components of e-cigarette liquid and their potential effects on testis of adult male mice. This aim will be fulfilled by histological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical analysis of mice testis biopsies. Twenty mice were allocated into two groups of equal size...

Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is widely used as a flavor enhancer. Melatonin and garlic are well known as antioxidant. The present study was performed to evaluate the microscopic changes in the cerebellar cortex of rats after the administration of MSG and the possible protective effect of melatonin versus garlic on those changes. The rats were divided into four main groups. Group I (control group). Group II received MSG (4 mg/ g/day). Group III received MSG+ melatonin (10 mg/kg bw/day). Group IV received MSG+garlic (300 mg/kg bw/day)...

Cardiovascular diseases, the leading global cause of death, are usually associated with cardiac hypertrophy (CH). CH is an adaptive response of the heart against cardiac overloading, but continuous CH accelerates cardiac remodeling and results in heart failure. Available CH therapies delay the progress of heart failure, but they often fail to control symptoms or restore quality of life. Although flaxseed lignans have been shown to have significant anti-oxidant, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fibrotic effects in various cardiovascular diseases, little is known about their effect on CH...

The association between uterine smooth muscle fibroids and systemic arterial hypertension is poorly understood. Therefore, we explored possible concomitant myocyte pathology of systemic resistance-sized arterioles (200 to 400 μm), isolated from omental samples donated by 19 women (mean age 42 y; SE 1) undergoing fibroid surgery. Vessels of 17 women (8 hypertensives) were available for transmission electron microscopy. We found ultrastructural vessel wall abnormalities in all patients, albeit with greater severity in hypertensives...

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a chemotherapeutic drug that has a harmful effect on the immune system. Growth hormone (GH) is a peptide hormone that can enhance thymic functions in cases of immunosuppression. Therefore, the present study was performed to study the possible protective effect of growth hormone on cyclophosphamide-induced changes in the rat thymus gland. Sixty-four adult male albino rats were used and divided into three main groups. Group I (Control group). Group II (CP group) received 200 mg/kg body weight CP by a single intra-peritoneal injection...

Infection-related glomerulonephritis is well recognized in patients with ongoing infections. It can be missed, however, if the infection is unusual or undetected. We present three cases where the renal biopsy findings prompted the identification or treatment of systemic infections.Case 1: A 84-year-old male presented with acute kidney injury (AKI) and IgA vasculitis on skin biopsy. A renal biopsy showed active glomerulonephritis with abundant neutrophils and predominantly mesangial immune complex deposits containing IgA...

Calanus oil, an oil extracted from the marine crustacean Calanus finmarchicus, is one of the richest sources of omega-3 and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Although calanus oil has been shown to have a significant anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and anti-obesity effects in various cardiovascular diseases, but little is known about its effect on pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Thus, the present study was carried out to evaluate the therapeutic effect of calanus oil on cardiac hypertrophy...

Type 2 diabetes is a major health burden to the society. Macrophages and liver inflammation emerged as important factors in its development. We investigated ultrastructural changes in the liver, with a special emphasis on macrophages in high fat diet (HFD) fed C57BL/6 J mice treated with metformin or simvastatin, two drugs that are used frequently in diabetes. Both metformin and simvastatin reduced the liver damage in HFD fed animals, manifested as the prevention of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis development and reduced activation and number of macrophages in the liver, as well as the percentage of these cells with lipid droplets in the cytoplasm compared to untreated HFD animals...

The chemotherapeutic drug methotrexate (MTX) is utilized to treat various malignancies. MTX exposure during pregnancy causes miscarriages, abnormalities in newborns, and developmental delays. The current study examined the placenta's sequential histopathological alterations following exposure to the MTX in pregnant rats. Twenty-four pregnant rats were assigned into; the control group and MTX group (0.2 mg/kg). MTX was given intraperitoneally on gestational days 11-12. Oxidative stress parameters were measured in placental homogenates...

Benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a polycyclic hydrocarbon with carcinogenic and DNA damaging properties. Curcumin, primary yellow pigment in turmeric, has a wide range of biological, pharmacological properties in addition to being a powerful antioxidant. The aim of this study was to investigate protective effects of curcumin against benzo(a)pyrene damage in rat kidney. Thirty-six male Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups (n = 6) as: control, corn oil, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), BaP (10 mg/kg/day), Curcumin (100 mg/kg/day), Curcumin+BaP (100 mg/kg/day+10 mg/kg/day)...

Açaí ( Euterpe oleracea Mart) is an Amazon plant with many biological properties. Previous report of this group evidenced autophagy induction after treatment with açaí seed extract in MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines by acridine orange assay. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ultrastructural changes induced by açaí seed extract in MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. First, MCF- 7 breast cancer cell line viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Acridine orange assay showed increase in the acidic compartments, suggesting autophagolysosome formation...