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Journal Article
Review
Pharmacotherapeutic strategy in heart failure.
Clinical Nephrology 2002 July
Chronic pharmacotherapy of congestive heart failure deals with its special pathophysiology and acts on different sites of the cardiorenal axis. The standard-therapy consists of diuretics, ACE-inhibitors and beta-blockers and can be supplemented by cardiac glycosides, if heart failure worsens. Cardiac glycosides are also administered if tachycardic arrhythmias occur. Aldosterone-antagonists are combined with standard therapy in NYHA III - IV to counteract cardiac remodelling. AT1-antagonists are indicated when ACE-inhibitors are contraindicated or cannot be administered because of side-effects. Combination with ACE-inhibitors and AT1-antagonists may be of benefit for the patient since morbidity and hospitalization decrease.
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