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Journals Alimentary Pharmacology & Ther...

Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics

https://read.qxmd.com/read/38538967/impacts-of-glucagon-like-peptide-1-receptor-agonists-on-the-risk-of-adverse-liver-outcomes-in-patients-with-metabolic-dysfunction-associated-steatotic-liver-disease-cirrhosis-and-type-2-diabetes
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohamed I Elsaid, Na Li, Stephen A Firkins, Vinod K Rustgi, Electra D Paskett, Chathur Acharya, K Rajender Reddy, Chien Wei Chiang, Khalid Mumtaz
BACKGROUND/AIMS: We examined the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) initiation on long-term Adverse Liver Outcomes (ALO) in patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) cirrhosis and type 2 diabetes using real-world data from the MarketScan database. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with MASLD cirrhosis and type 2 diabetes between 2012 and 2020. Cox proportional hazard models examine the association between GLP-1RAs initiation, modelled as time-dependent, and the risk of ALO, a composite endpoint defined by the first occurrence of hepatic decompensation(s), portal hypertension, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or liver transplantation (LT)...
March 27, 2024: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534216/the-epidemiology-and-management-of-clostridioides-difficile-infection-a-clinical-update
#2
REVIEW
Lindsay M Clarke, Jessica R Allegretti
BACKGROUND: Clostridioides difficile is the most common cause of healthcare-associated infection, and severe cases can result in significant complications. While anti-microbial therapy is central to infection management, adjunctive therapies may be utilised as preventative strategies. AIM: This article aims to review updates in the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management, including treatment and prevention, of C. difficile infections. METHODS: A narrative review was performed to evaluate the current literature between 1986 and 2023...
March 27, 2024: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534182/systematic-scoping-review-use-of-the-faecal-immunochemical-test-residual-buffer-to-enhance-colorectal-cancer-screening
#3
REVIEW
Timothy McAuliffe, Joseph C Anderson, Robin J Larson, Douglas J Robertson
BACKGROUND: The faecal immunochemical test (FIT) is an inexpensive and convenient modality to screen for colorectal cancer. However, its one-time sensitivity for detecting colorectal cancer and cancer precursors is limited. There is growing interest in using the non-haemoglobin contents of FIT residual buffer to enhance colonic neoplasia detection. AIM: To establish from the literature a framework to catalogue candidate biomarkers within FIT residual buffer for non-invasive colorectal cancer screening...
March 27, 2024: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526023/review-article-recent-advances-in-ascites-and-acute-kidney-injury-management-in-cirrhosis
#4
REVIEW
Danielle Adebayo, Florence Wong
BACKGROUND: Better understanding of disease pathophysiology has led to advances in managing ascites and its associated complications including hepatorenal syndrome-acute kidney Injury (HRS-AKI), especially medicinal and interventional advances. AIM: To review the latest changes in the management of ascites and HRS-AKI. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in Pubmed, using the keywords cirrhosis, ascites, renal dysfunction, acute kidney injury, hepatorenal syndrome, beta-blockers, albumin, TIPS and vasoconstrictors, including only publications in English...
March 25, 2024: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517201/review-article-upper-gastrointestinal-bleeding-review-of-current-evidence-and-implications-for-management
#5
REVIEW
Dennis L Shung, Loren Laine
BACKGROUND: Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common emergency requiring hospital-based care. Advances in care across pre-endoscopic, endoscopic and post-endoscopic phases have led to improvements in clinical outcomes. AIMS: To provide a detailed, evidence-based update on major aspects of care across pre-endoscopic, endoscopic and post-endoscopic phases. METHODS: We performed a structured bibliographic database search for each topic...
March 22, 2024: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38516814/review-article-new-developments-in-biomarkers-and-clinical-drug-development-in-alpha-1-antitrypsin-deficiency-related-liver-disease
#6
REVIEW
Rohit Loomba, Ginger Clark, Jeff Teckman, Veeral Ajmera, Cynthia Behling, Mark Brantly, David Brenner, Jeanine D'Armiento, Michael W Fried, Janani S Iyer, Mattias Mandorfer, Don C Rockey, Monica Tincopa, Raj Vuppalanchi, Zobair Younossi, Aleksander Krag, Alice M Turner, Pavel Strnad
BACKGROUND: Alpha-1 antitrypsin liver disease (AATLD) occurs in a subset of patients with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. Risk factors for disease progression and specific pathophysiologic features are not well known and validated non-invasive assessments for disease severity are lacking. Currently, there are no approved treatments for AATLD. AIMS: To outline existing understanding of AATLD and to identify knowledge gaps critical to improving clinical trial design and development of new treatments...
March 22, 2024: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38501893/skeletal-muscle-mass-increases-after-viral-eradication-with-direct-acting-antivirals-in-patients-with-chronic-hepatitis-c-a-longitudinal-study
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marta Paula Pereira Coelho, Thais Pontello de Vries, Aline Marcos Pires, Milena Pereira Parreira, Érika Ramos de Alvarenga, Rodrigo Dias Cambraia, Rodrigo Ribeiro Dos Santos, Juliana Maria Trindade Bezerra, Enrico Antonio Colosimo, Gifone Aguiar Rocha, Luciana Diniz Silva
BACKGROUND: Results of studies evaluating the effect of viral eradication following direct-acting antiviral (DDA) therapy on skeletal muscle mass of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) are scarce. AIM: To assess the components of sarcopenia (low muscle mass, low muscle strength and low physical performance) in a cohort of CHC individuals before and after DAA therapy. METHODS: We performed a longitudinal study of patients with CHC who underwent body composition assessment before (T0), and at 12 (T1) and 48 (T2) weeks after DDA therapy...
March 19, 2024: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38500443/prevalence-of-at-risk-mash-metald-and-alcohol-associated-steatotic-liver-disease-in-the-general-population
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carolin V Schneider, Kai Markus Schneider, Anastasia Raptis, Helen Huang, Christian Trautwein, Rohit Loomba
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of at-risk metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (at-risk MASH) has not been systematically assessed. AIM: To delineate the prevalence of at-risk MASH in a large population-based cohort. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 40,189 patients in the UK Biobank who underwent liver MRI. Hepatic steatosis was determined by proton density fat fraction (PDFF) ≥5%. Based on AASLD criteria, participants were classified as alcohol-associated steatotic liver disease (ALD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), combined metabolic alcoholic liver disease (MetALD) and at-risk MASH...
March 19, 2024: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38497224/poor-accuracy-and-sustainability-of-the-first-step-fib4-easl-pathway-for-stratifying-steatotic-liver-disease-risk-in-the-general-population
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Antonio De Vincentis, Federica Tavaglione, Shinichi Namba, Masahiro Kanai, Yukinori Okada, Yoichiro Kamatani, Samantha Maurotti, Claudio Pedone, Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi, Luca Valenti, Stefano Romeo, Umberto Vespasiani-Gentilucci
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The European Association for the Study of the Liver introduced a clinical pathway (EASL CP) for screening significant/advanced fibrosis in people at risk of steatotic liver disease (SLD). We assessed the performance of the first-step FIB4 EASL CP in the general population across different SLD risk groups (MASLD, Met-ALD and ALD) and various age classes. METHODS: We analysed a total of 3372 individuals at risk of SLD from the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES17-18), projected to 152...
March 18, 2024: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38497159/meta-analysis-incidence-of-cirrhosis-and-hepatocellular-carcinoma-in-patients-with-fontan-palliation
#10
REVIEW
Asif A Hitawala, Harish Gopalakrishna, Maria Mironova, Alicia A Livinski, Elizabeth C Wright, Tacy Downing, Seiji Ito, Stacy D Fisher, Ari M Cedars, Anitha S John, Theo Heller
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The Fontan palliation is the final stage of surgery for many children born with univentricular physiology. Almost all Fontan patients develop liver fibrosis which may eventually lead to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These are important causes of morbidity and mortality in these patients. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the incidence of cirrhosis and HCC in Fontan patients and stratify it based on time since surgery. METHODS: A literature search of seven databases identified 1158 records...
March 18, 2024: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38494867/efficacy-and-safety-of-filgotinib-for-ulcerative-colitis-a-real-world-multicenter-retrospective-study-in-japan
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shintaro Akiyama, Kaoru Yokoyama, Soichi Yagi, Shinichiro Shinzaki, Kozo Tsuruta, Shinichiro Yoshioka, Minako Sako, Hiromichi Shimizu, Mariko Kobayashi, Toshiyuki Sakurai, Kei Nomura, Tomoyoshi Shibuya, Masahiro Takahara, Sakiko Hiraoka, Kyohei Sugai, Shunichi Yanai, Atsushi Yoshida, Miki Koroku, Teppei Omori, Masayuki Saruta, Takayuki Matsumoto, Ryuichi Okamoto, Kiichiro Tsuchiya, Toshimitsu Fujii
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: While filgotinib, an oral Janus kinase (JAK) 1 preferential inhibitor, is approved for moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC), real-world studies assessing its short- and long-term efficacy and safety are limited. METHODS: This is a multicenter, retrospective study of UC patients who started filgotinib between March 2022 and September 2023. The primary outcome was clinical remission, defined as a partial Mayo score ≤1 with a rectal bleeding score of 0, or Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI) ≤2 with a blood-in-stool score of 0...
March 17, 2024: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38482706/von-willebrand-factor-for-outcome-prediction-within-different-clinical-stages-of-advanced-chronic-liver-disease
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nina Dominik, Bernhard Scheiner, Alberto Zanetto, Lorenz Balcar, Georg Semmler, Elena Campello, Michael Schwarz, Rafael Paternostro, Benedikt Simbrunner, Benedikt S Hofer, Albert Friedrich Stättermayer, Matthias Pinter, Michael Trauner, Peter Quehenberger, Paolo Simioni, Thomas Reiberger, Mattias Mandorfer
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The prognostic performance of von Willebrand factor (VWF) may vary across clinical stages of advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD). Therefore, we investigated the evolution of VWF and other biomarkers throughout the full ACLD spectrum and evaluated their stage-specific prognostic utility. METHODS: We retrospectively included Viennese ACLD patients with available information on hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), C-reactive protein (CRP)/VWF levels and outcomes...
March 14, 2024: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38475893/review-article-current-indications-and-selection-criteria-for-early-liver-transplantation-in-severe-alcohol-associated-hepatitis
#13
REVIEW
Carolina Ramirez-Cadiz, Hanna Blaney, Natalia Kubanek, Luis Antonio Díaz, Rohit Loomba, Lubomir Skladany, Juan Pablo Arab
BACKGROUND: Alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH) is a severe inflammatory form of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) that carries a high mortality rate. Early liver transplantation for severe AH is increasingly available. However, specific criteria for referral and selection remain a subject of debate. AIMS: To provide a narrative review of the natural history, diagnostic criteria and indications for referral for early liver transplantation for severe AH. METHODS: We searched PubMed for articles published through August 2023...
March 12, 2024: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38462919/short-term-reduction-of-dietary-gluten-improves-metabolic-dysfunction-associated-steatotic-liver-disease-a-randomised-controlled-proof-of-concept-study
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Angelo Armandi, Helena Bespaljko, Alexander Mang, Yvonne Huber, Maurice Michel, Christian Labenz, Peter R Galle, Manjusha Neerukonda, Elisabetta Bugianesi, Detlef Schuppan, Jörn M Schattenberg
BACKGROUND: The current management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) relies on lifestyle intervention. Prior studies have shown that nutritional wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATI) activate toll-like receptor 4 on intestinal myeloid cells to enhance intestinal and extra-intestinal inflammation, including the promotion of murine MASLD, insulin resistance and liver fibrosis. AIMS: We aimed to assess the impact of ATI (gluten)-free diet in liver as well as metabolic parameters of biopsy-proven MASLD patients...
March 11, 2024: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38462727/oral-vancomycin-is-associated-with-improved-inflammatory-bowel-disease-clinical-outcomes-in-primary-sclerosing-cholangitis-associated-inflammatory-bowel-disease-psc-ibd-a-matched-analysis-from-the-paediatric-psc-consortium
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amanda Ricciuto, Kuan Liu, Wael El-Matary, Mansi Amin, Achiya Z Amir, Madeleine Aumar, Marcus Auth, Matthew D Di Guglielmo, Eleonora Druve Tavares Fagundes, Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira, Katryn N Furuya, Nitika Gupta, Stephen Guthery, Simon P Horslen, Kyle Jensen, Binita M Kamath, Nanda Kerkar, B G P Koot, Trevor J Laborda, Christine K Lee, Kathleen M Loomes, Cara Mack, Mercedes Martinez, Aldo Montano-Loza, Nadia Ovchinsky, Alexandra Papadopoulou, Emily R Perito, Pushpa Sathya, Kathleen B Schwarz, Uzma Shah, Eyal Shteyer, Nisreen Soufi, James Patrick Stevens, Amy Taylor, M Elizabeth Tessier, Pamela Valentino, Marek Woynarowski, Mark Deneau
BACKGROUND: Data on oral vancomycin for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)-associated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are limited. AIMS: Using data from the Paediatric PSC Consortium, to examine the effect of vancomycin on IBD activity. METHODS: In this retrospective multi-centre cohort study, we matched vancomycin-treated and untreated patients (1:3) based on IBD duration at the time of primary outcome assessment. The primary outcome was Physician Global Assessment (PGA) of IBD clinical activity after 1 year (±6 months) of vancomycin...
March 10, 2024: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38459720/prevalence-and-risk-factors-of-metabolic-dysfunction-associated-steatotic-liver-disease-in-south-central-uganda-a-cross-sectional-survey
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rocio Enriquez, Mahmoud Homsi, Robert Ssekubugu, Dorean Nabukalu, Zangin Zeebari, Gaetano Marrone, Bruna Gigante, Larry W Chang, Steven J Reynolds, Fred Nalugoda, Anna Mia Ekström, Hannes Hagström, Helena Nordenstedt
BACKGROUND: Despite numerous risk factors and serious consequences, little is known about metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) at population level in Africa. AIM: The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of MASLD in people living with and without HIV in Uganda. METHODS: We collected data from 37 communities in South Central Uganda between May 2016 and May 2018. We estimated MASLD prevalence using the fatty liver index and advanced liver fibrosis using the dynamic aspartate-to-alanine aminotransferase ratio...
March 8, 2024: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38451123/review-article-pathogenesis-of-masld-and-mash-role-of-insulin-resistance-and-lipotoxicity
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shalini K Bansal, Meena B Bansal
BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance and lipotoxicity are extremely interconnected but fundamental in setting the stage for the development of MASLD/MASH. AIM/METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was performed and key themes were synthesised to provide insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance and lipotoxicity in the liver, muscle, pancreas and adipose tissue and how organ cross-talk is fundamental to driving disease pathogenesis. RESULTS: Classical thinking postulates that excess FFA load exceeds the storage capacity of adipose tissue, which is predicated upon both genetic and environmental factors...
March 7, 2024: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38445785/effectiveness-and-safety-of-a-third-line-rescue-treatment-for-acute-severe-ulcerative-colitis-refractory-to-infliximab-or-ciclosporin-reasuc-study
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
María José García, Sabino Riestra, Aurelien Amiot, Mette Julsgaard, Irene García de la Filia, Margalida Calafat, Mariam Aguas, Luisa de la Peña, Cristina Roig, Berta Caballol, María José Casanova, Klaudia Farkas, Trine Boysen, Luis Bujanda, Camila Cuarán, Daniela Dobru, Fotios Fousekis, Carla Jerusalén Gargallo-Puyuelo, Edoardo Savarino, Xavier Calvet, José María Huguet, Limas Kupcinskas, Julia López-Cardona, Tim Raine, Joep van Oostrom, Javier P Gisbert, María Chaparro
BACKGROUND: The advent of new therapeutic agents and the improvement of supporting care might change the management of acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) and avoid colectomy. AIMS: To evaluate the colectomy-free survival and safety of a third-line treatment in patients with ASUC refractory to intravenous steroids and who failed either infliximab or ciclosporin. METHODS: Multicentre retrospective cohort study of patients with ASUC refractory to intravenous steroids who had failed infliximab or ciclosporin and received a third-line treatment during the same hospitalisation...
March 6, 2024: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38445780/development-and-validation-of-a-brain-fog-scale-for-coeliac-disease
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Simon R Knowles, Pragalathan Apputhurai, Jason A Tye-Din
BACKGROUND: Brain fog is a subjective cognitive impairment commonly reported in coeliac disease. A standardised tool to define and assess it is an important unmet need. AIMS: To develop a patient-informed tool to assess brain fog in coeliac disease to support clinical care, research and drug development. METHODS: A pilot online study defined patient descriptors of brain fog. A second study evaluated the factor structure and performance of the scale across two-time points ('Now' and in the 'Past week')...
March 6, 2024: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38445690/applying-lyon-consensus-criteria-in-the-work-up-of-patients-with-extra-oesophageal-symptoms-a-multicentre-retrospective-study
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Francesco Calabrese, Andrea Pasta, Giorgia Bodini, Manuele Furnari, Patrizia Zentilin, Edoardo G Giannini, Daria Maniero, Domenico Della Casa, Giovanni Cataudella, Marzio Frazzoni, Roberto Penagini, Arsiè Elena, Nicola de Bortoli, Pierfrancesco Visaggi, Vincenzo Savarino, Edoardo Savarino, Elisa Marabotto
BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) based on otolaryngologist's assessment of laryngoscopic findings remains contentious in terms of sensitivity and specificity. AIMS: To evaluate GERD prevalence, applying Lyon 2.0 Consensus criteria, in patients with extra-oesophageal symptoms undergoing laryngoscopic examination and impedance-pH monitoring. METHODS: In this retrospective assessment, we included 470 patients with extra-oesophageal symptoms, either isolated or combined with typical symptoms, who had been referred to six tertiary Italian Gastroenterology Units between January and December 2020...
March 6, 2024: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics
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