Journal of Periodontology

BACKGROUND: The lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects of statins and fibrates may ameliorate periodontitis. Patients with hyperlipidemia tend to have a worse periodontal status. This study assessed the association between the use of statins/fibrates and the incidence of chronic periodontitis in patients with hyperlipidemia in Taiwan. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients newly diagnosed with hyperlipidemia between 2001 and 2012 from the 2000 Longitudinal Generation Tracking Database and followed them for 5 years...

BACKGROUND: Peri-implantitis is similar to periodontitis, but there are some differences. For the effective control of peri-implantitis, it is necessary to clarify its similarities and differences with periodontitis in terms of gene expression. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 20 participants (10 healthy subjects and 10 patients with periodontitis and peri-implantitis). Gingival tissue samples (10 healthy, 10 periodontitis, and 10 peri-implantitis tissues) were collected, RNAs were extracted, and RNA sequencing and analysis were performed...

BACKGROUND: Stem cell-based approaches in regenerative periodontal therapy have been used in different experimental models. In this study, the effect of local application of gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSC) in fibroin/chitosan oligosaccharide lactate hydrogel (F/COS) on periodontal regeneration was evaluated using experimental periodontitis model in rats. METHODS: Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from the gingiva of rats and characterized. Viability tests and confocal imaging of GMSC in hydrogels were performed...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate an in vitro dynamic bioreactor model by evaluating the antimicrobial effect of clinically relevant amoxicillin doses on polymicrobial microcosm biofilms derived from subgingival plaque. METHODS: Biofilms from pooled subgingival plaque were grown for 108  hours in control and experimental dynamic biofilm reactors. Amoxicillin was subsequently infused into the experimental reactor to simulate the pharmacokinetic profile of a standard 500 mg thrice-daily dosing regimen over 5 days and biofilms were assessed by live/dead staining, scanning electron microscopy, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction...

BACKGROUND: To examine the relationship between the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and periodontitis and to investigate possible effect modifiers. METHODS: Data used in the present cross-sectional study are from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2014 (N = 10,301). The SII was calculated using the following formula: (neutrophils count × platelet count)/lymphocytes count. The category of periodontitis was defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP) classification...

BACKGROUND: Because little is known about the impact of implant surface modifications on the peri-implant microbiome, we aimed to examine peri-implant communities in various surface types in order to better understand the impact of these surfaces on the development of peri-implantitis (PI). METHODS: One hundred and six systemically healthy individuals with anodized (AN), hydroxyapatite-coated (HA), or sandblasted acid-etched (SLA) implants that were >6 months in function were recruited and categorized into health (H) or PI...

BACKGROUND: Alveolar mucosa could be a promising source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for regeneration therapeutics because it exhibits faster healing potential and can be easily collected with minimal periodontal disturbance. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of alveolar mucosal cell (AMC) spheroids for promoting extraction socket healing and calvarial osseous defect regeneration. METHODS: AMCs were isolated from Sprague-Dawley rats. Antigenic and MSC surface marker expressions and trilineage differentiation capability were assessed...

BACKGROUND: The removal of subgingival calculus to obtain gingival health is an integral part of nonsurgical periodontal therapy. The periodontal endoscope is used by some clinicians to help enhance access to effectively remove subgingival calculus; however, longer-term studies on this subject are still lacking. The purpose of this randomized, controlled clinical trial was to compare the clinical outcomes of scaling and root planing (SRP) using a periodontal endoscope versus conventional SRP using loupes for up to 12 months, utilizing a split-mouth design...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between periodontal supracrestal soft tissue dimensions (PSSTDs) and other phenotypic features in non-molar maxillary teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult subjects in need of comprehensive dental treatment were recruited. Periodontal phenotypic variables (i.e., facial and palatal gingival thickness [GT], alveolar bone thickness [BT], and PSSTDs, namely distance from the gingival margin to the bone crest defined as periodontal supracrestal tissue height [PSTH] and distance from the cementoenamel junction to the bone crest [CEJ-BC]) were recorded using cone-beam computed tomography scans...

BACKGROUND: Clinical probing is commonly recommended to evaluate peri-implant conditions. In a situation of peri-implant mucositis or peri-implantitis, the peri-implant seal healing from the disruption of soft tissue caused by probing has not yet been studied. This study aimed to investigate soft tissue healing after standardized clinical probing around osseointegrated implants with peri-implant mucositis in a dog model. METHODS: Three transmucosal implants in each hemi-mandible of six dogs randomly assigned to the peri-implant healthy group or peri-implant mucositis group were probed randomly in the mesial or distal site as probing groups (PH or PM), the cross-sectional opposite sites as unprobed control groups...

BACKGROUND: Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is associated with inflammation and osteoclastic differentiation in periodontal disease. This study was conducted to compare the time-dependent variation in iNOS production between the gingiva and other periodontal tissues and to explore the potential association with C-reactive protein (CRP) in early periodontal disease. METHODS: Ligature-induced periodontal disease models (0-14 days) were established in wild-type and CRP knockout rats...

BACKGROUND: The present study aims to evaluate and compare the effects of 1% melatonin gel plus platelet rich fibrin (PRF) and PRF alone in treatment of furcation defects, clinically and radiographically using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS: This split-mouth clinical trial included 23 patients with 46 bilateral Grade II furcation defects in 1st or 2nd maxillary or mandibular molars. Control group was treated with PRF alone while Test group with 1% melatonin gel and PRF...

BACKGROUND: A positive association between obesity based on body mass index (BMI) and periodontitis has been reported. Fat tissue-related systemic inflammation acts as the link to periodontal comorbidities of obesity. However, the BMI is unable to distinguish fat and fat-free tissues. More precise measures are required to evaluate body composition, including fat and fat-free tissues. This study aimed to determine the sex differences in the association between dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-measured body composition (i...

BACKGROUND: New cementum forms from existing cementum during periodontal tissue regeneration, indicating that cementoblasts may interact with progenitor cells in the periodontal ligament to enhance cementogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms of this process are currently unknown. This study aims to clarify the role of cell-cell interactions between cementoblasts and periodontal ligament cells in differentiation into cementoblasts. METHODS: To analyze the role of human cementoblast-like cells (HCEMs) on human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLs), we mixed cell suspensions of enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged HPDLs and HCEMs, and then seeded and cultured them in single wells (direct co-cultures)...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Though there are multiple literature evidences supporting a significant positive association between key periodontal pathogen and established inflammatory marker of periodontitis towards Coronary Artery Disease (CAD), their exact roles remain unclear. Especially, the role of viruses in the etiology and specific biomarkers have not been validated. Thus, the current study aims to evaluate the role of periodontal viruses such as Epstein barr virus (EBV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Herpes simplex virus (HSV), the inflammatory marker pentraxin-3 and to analyse their association with CAD...

BACKGROUND: Aberrant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contributes to inflammasome orchestrated progression of chronic inflammatory diseases like diabetes and periodontitis. The purpose of the present study was to estimate salivary levels of DNA sensing inflammasomes; absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), interferon γ inducible protein (IFI16) and cytokine interleukin 18 (IL18) in individuals with periodontitis, diabetes and healthy controls and interpret its association with periodontal and diabetic parameters...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of perceived stress and poor sleep quality with periodontitis in a university-based cohort of individuals. METHODS: A total of 235 individuals were included in this cross-sectional study. Perceived stress and sleep quality were evaluated through validated questionnaires, while periodontitis was identified with a full-mouth periodontal examination protocol using both European Federation of Periodontology/American Academy of Periodontology (EFP/AAP) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/AAP case definitions...

BACKGROUND: Evidence on the efficacy of calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSPS) and arginine dentifrices on reducing root sensitivity (RS) following non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) is limited. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of these dentifrices in reducing RS during daily activities in patients undergoing NSPT. METHODS: Using a double-blind randomized controlled trial, CSPS, arginine or control dentifrices were randomly assigned to forty-five RS individuals following NSPT...

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BACKGROUND: The association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been widely explored, but little is known about the effect of periodontitis on mortality of CVD patients. This study aims to clarify the effect of periodontitis on all-cause and cause-specific mortality of CVD patients. METHODS: We included 2135 individuals with CVD from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Mortality data were ascertained by linkage to National Death Index records through 31 December 2019...