Precocious puberty.

The past decade has seen tremendous advances in both the diagnosis and treatment options for children with precocious puberty. Although the precise cause of CPP is still not known, long-acting GnRH analogues provide a safe and effective form of therapy. Treatment slows the progression of secondary sexual characteristics and rates of linear growth and bone maturation. Although the final verdict on how beneficial GnRH analogue therapy is in preserving the final adult height in children with precocious puberty is still not in, achieved heights are generally greater than pretreatment predicted heights. However, treatment may not be appropriate for all children with GDPP. Some children progress through puberty slowly and may not have significant compromise in final height. Furthermore, some children who come from tall families who may be subject to the same deterioration from target height as children who come from short families may not require therapy because their expected final heights may still fall within an acceptable range even if they are shorter than their siblings. Therapy offers the greatest advantage for those children in whom the onset of puberty is at a very early age, those who demonstrate rapidly accelerating bone age, or those with lower genetic height potential. In the past 3 years, the molecular mechanisms by which precocious puberty develops in children with MAS and FMPP have been elucidated. The molecular defects characterized explain the clinical manifestations. Future challenges will include the development of an effective, targeted form of therapy for gonadotropin-independent forms of precocious puberty.