Metabolic syndrom

CONTEXT: Hierarchical clustering (HC) identifies subtypes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). OBJECTIVE: This work aimed to identify clinically significant subtypes in a PCOS cohort diagnosed with the Rotterdam criteria and to further characterize the distinct subtypes. METHODS: Clustering was performed using the variables body mass index (BMI), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone, insulin, and glucose...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sarcopenic obesity (SO), defined as the coexistence of excess fat mass and reduced skeletal muscle mass and strength, has emerged as an important cardiovascular risk factor, particularly in older adults. This review summarizes recent findings on the diagnosis, prevalence, health impacts, and treatment of SO. RECENT FINDINGS: Growing evidence suggests SO exacerbates cardiometabolic risk and adverse health outcomes beyond either condition alone; however, the heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria and the observational nature of most studies prohibit the evaluation of a causal relationship...

Compared with full-term infants, preterm infants have fat-free mass deficit in the first months of life, which increases the risk of metabolic diseases in the future. In this cohort of children born under 32-week gestational age or less than 1500 g, we aimed to evaluate the associations of body composition at term equivalent age and in the first 3 months of life with fat-free mass and fat mass percentage at 4 to 7 years of life. Body composition assessments by air displacement plethysmography and anthropometry were performed at term, at 3 months of corrected age, and at 4 to 7 years of age...

BACKGROUND: Free fatty acids (FFAs) are established risk factors for various cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Elevated FFAs can trigger inflammatory response, which may be associated with the occurrence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in cardiac surgery. In this prospective study, we aimed to investigate the association between circulating FFA and the incidence of ARDS, as well as the length of ICU stay, in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)...

CONTEXT: In the pursuit of novel therapeutic possibilities, repurposing existing drugs has gained prominence as an efficient strategy. The findings from our study highlight the potential of repurposed drugs as promising candidates against receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) that offer therapeutic implications in cancer, neurodegenerative conditions and metabolic syndromes. Through careful analyses of binding affinities and interaction patterns, we identified a few promising candidates, ultimately focusing on sertindole and temoporfin...

Metabolic associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common liver condition. It is associated with increased liver-related morbidity and mortality, and also with high risk of cardiovascular events (CVD), representing itself an independent risk factor for it. This makes MASLD a presentation of high interest for internal medicine, also because of its association with metabolic syndrome (MetS). It is crucial to assess its risks in a noninvasive way. With the aim of finding specific risk profiles for CVD development in MASLD by performing a noninvasive assessment of: (1) preclinical signs of endothelial dysfunction (ED); (2) clinical assessment of CVD risk by Framingham Heart Risk Score (FHRs); (3) genomic characterization of MASLD associated polymorphisms; (4) specific untargeted metabolomic profiles, we enrolled 466 MASLD patients non-invasively classified in 4 group of liver fibrosis severity (group-A: low-fibrosis risk, group-B: high-fibrosis risk, group-C: MASLD-cirrhosis, group-D: MASLD-HCC) and 73 healthy controls...

BACKGROUND: The time elapsed since HIV infection diagnosis (TdiagHIV) affects the quality of life (QoL) and can get worse when chronic illnesses start. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular risk (CVR) on the QoL of people living with HIV (PLHIV). METHODS: Cross-sectional study, with 60 PLHIV followed at a Reference Center in the city of Jataí, Goiás, Brazil. Data collection involved sociodemographic, clinical, CVR, MetS, and QoL information...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Arterial stiffening may contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. We aimed to assess relations of vascular hemodynamic measures with measures of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in the community. METHODS: Our sample was drawn from the Framingham Offspring, New Offspring Spouse, Third Generation, Omni-1, and Omni-2 cohorts (N=3875; mean age, 56 years; 54% women). We used vibration-controlled transient elastography to assess controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurements as measures of liver steatosis and liver fibrosis, respectively...

Hyperuricemia, a disorder of uric acid metabolism, serves as a significant risk factor for conditions such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, and various metabolic syndromes. The main contributors to hyperuricemia include overproduction of uric acid in the liver or impaired excretion in the kidneys. Despite traditional clinical drugs being employed for its treatment, significant health concerns persist. Recently, there has been growing interest in utilizing protein peptides sourced from diverse food origins to mitigate hyperuricemia...

We investigated the potential association between ketonuria during treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and its renoprotective effect in patients with type 2 diabetes. We included 192 patients who had received SGLT2 inhibitors for more than 6 months. After propensity score matching, 52 patients each were allocated into groups with or without ketonuria, respectively. The estimated glomerular filtration rate exhibited a significant improvement only in subjects with ketonuria (without ketonuria: mean difference, -0...

BACKGROUND: The link between physical and mental health and screen time in adolescents has been the subject of scientific scrutiny in recent years. However, there are few studies that have evaluated the association between social network addiction (SNA) and metabolic risk in this population. OBJECTIVE: This study determined the association between SNA and anxiety symptoms with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Peruvian adolescents aged 12 to 18 years, who completed a Social Network Addiction Questionnaire and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item scale (GAD-2), between September and November 2022...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

AIMS: Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) do not appear to have an elevated risk of severe Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19). Pre-existing immune reactivity to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in unexposed individuals may serve as a protective factor. Hence, our study was designed to evaluate the existence of T cells with reactivity against SARS-CoV-2 antigens in unexposed patients with T1D. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from SARS-CoV-2 unexposed patients with T1D and healthy control subjects...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study aims to reevaluate upper reference limit (URL) for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) by considering the changing epidemiology of major liver diseases. We employed histological and metabolic parameters in Asian living liver donors. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 5,455 potential living liver donors from 2005 to 2019. Participants were screened for hepatitis B, C, HIV, and alcohol use. Histologically and metabolically healthy participants were assessed using the Prati criteria (body mass index <23 kg/m2 , triglyceride ≤200 mg/dL, fasting glucose ≤105 mg/dL, total cholesterol ≤220 mg/dL)...

BACKGROUND: Methylmalonic aciduria (MMA) is a group of rare genetic metabolic disorders resulting from defects in methylmalonyl coenzyme A mutase (MCM) or intracellular cobalamin (cbl) metabolism. MMA patients show diverse clinical and genetic features across different subtypes and populations. METHODS: We retrospectively recruited 60 MMA patients from a single center and diagnosed them based on their clinical manifestations and biochemical assays. We then performed genetic analysis to confirm the diagnosis and identify the causal variants...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study aimed to explore potential hub genes and pathways of plaque vulnerability and to investigate possible therapeutic targets for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). METHODS AND RESULTS: Four microarray datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), weighted gene coexpression networks (WGCNA) and immune cell infiltration analysis (IIA) were used to identify the genes for plaque vulnerability...

We herein present the case of a 21-year-old male Japanese diabetic patient with Temple syndrome, caused by maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14. The patient was overweight and had type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and microalbuminuria. He had an increased fat mass in the truncal region and a decreased lean mass throughout the body. This may lead to insulin resistance due to the absence of delta-like homolog 1 (DLK1) and retrotransposon gag-like 1 (RTL1)...

Achalasia is characterised by incomplete relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter and aberrant oesophageal peristaltic activity resulting in impaired oesophageal emptying. This rare condition in pregnancy is unique as both the disease and its treatment are associated with fetomaternal risks and complications. A woman in her early 30s, gravida 3 para 2 at 35 weeks' pregnancy with suspected oesophageal achalasia, presented with shortness of breath, cough and fever following frequent bouts of vomiting and fluid regurgitation...

AIMS: We aimed to prospectively evaluate the association of sarcopenic obesity (SO) with the incidence risk of heart failure (HF), and the mediating role of metabolomics and inflammation in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS: 22,496 participants with T2D from the UK Biobank were included. SO was defined as the combination of obesity (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 ) and sarcopenia (grip strength <27 kg in male or <16 kg in female)...