Electrophoresis

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a sudden brain injury due to an external force that causes a large number of deaths and permanent disabilities every year. S100B has been recognized as a potential objective quantitative biomarker for screening the prognosis of TBI and severe head injury. In this article, an anti-S100B monoclonal antibody was immobilized on cysteamine (Cy) functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by EDC-NHS chemistry, which enabled S100B resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) detection based on antibody-labeled gold nanoparticles...

Background: Kadipiro virus (KDV) is a species of the new 12 segmented RNA virus grouped under the genus Seadornavirus within the Reoviridae family. It has previously been isolated or detected from mosquito , Odonata , and bat feces in Indonesia, China, and Denmark, respectively. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of a viral strain from mosquitoes in Yunnan Province, China. Methods: Mosquitoes were collected overnight using light traps in Shizong county, on July 17, 2023. Virus was isolated from the mosquito homogenate and grown using baby hamster kidney and Aedes albopictus (C6/36) cells...

BACKGROUND: Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) holds significant importance as a crop globally cultivated for sugar production. The genetic diversity present in sugar beet accessions plays a crucial role in crop improvement programs. METHODS AND RESULTS: During the present study, we collected 96 sugar beet accessions from different regions and extracted DNA from their leaves. Genomic DNA was amplified using SCoT primers, and the resulting fragments were separated by gel electrophoresis...

OBJECTIVE: Determine the electrophoretic profiles of the extracts of Manihot esculenta, Actinidia Deliciosa and Persea Americana and their possible relationship with Latex-Fruit Syndrome. METHODS: Protein extracts of M. esculenta, P. Americana and A. Deliciosa were prepared through the processes of maceration and solvent extraction from plant samples. In the case of the avocado, a prior extraction by soxhlet was carried out to eliminate the fat. The extracts were vacuum filtered, dialyzed and finally lyophilized...

Electrophoresis is the motion of particles relative to a surrounding fluid driven by a uniform electric field. In conventional electrophoresis, the electrophoretic velocity grows linearly with the applied field. Nonlinear effects with a quadratic speed vs field dependence are gaining research interest since an alternating current field could drive them. Here, we report on the giant nonlinearity of electrophoresis in a nematic liquid crystal in which the speed grows with the fourth and sixth powers of the electric field...

Vacuum-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction (Vac-HS-SPME) is a technique used to enhance SPME sampling of semi-volatile organic compounds. Here, it was combined with a high-capacity SPME Arrow, which features a larger volume of extraction phase and a more rugged configuration than traditional extraction fibers. An in-depth assessment of the critical parameters was conducted to achieve optimal extraction of representative compounds from a model solid sample matrix (Ottawa sand). Operational fundamentals investigated included the types of seals needed to create a leak-free environment under vacuum conditions; the magnitude of the vacuum applied and time needed to activate the Vac kinetics; order of sample vial preparation methods (VPMs); and other standard variables associated with extract analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry...

Disorders of lipid metabolism are a common cause of coronary heart disease (CHD) and its comorbidities. In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry in data-independent acquisition (DIA) mode was applied to collect abundant tandem mass spectrometry data, which provided valuable information for lipid annotation. For the lipid isomers that could not be completely separated by chromatography, parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) mode was used for quantification. A total of 223 plasma lipid metabolites were annotated, and 116 of them were identified for their fatty acyl chain composition and location...

Investigating the interaction between liposomes and proteins is of paramount importance in the development of liposomal formulations with real potential for bench-to-bedside transfer. Upon entering the body, proteins are immediately adsorbed on the liposomal surface, changing the nanovehicles' biological identity, which has a significant impact on their biodistribution and pharmacokinetics and ultimately on their therapeutic effect. Albumin is the most abundant plasma protein and thus usually adsorbs immediately on the liposomal surface...

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) tend to be less stable than their parent antibodies, which is often attributed to the hydrophobic nature of their drug payloads. This study investigated how the payload charge affects ADC stability by comparing two interchain cysteine ADCs that had matched drug-to-antibody ratios and identical linkers but differently charged auristatin payloads, vcMMAE (neutral) and vcMMAF (negative). Both ADCs exhibited higher aggregation than their parent antibody under shaking stress and thermal stress conditions...

β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), as an important pseudo-stationary phase (PSP) in capillary electrophoresis (CE), frequently confronts challenges stemming from its limited water solubility, particularly when high concentrations are required for resolving complex analytes. Traditionally, researchers often resort to the use of (toxic) organic solvents to enhance the solubility of β-CD, establishing non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE) for specific separations. However, such practices are hazardous to health and run counter to the principles of green analytical chemistry...

Reliable modeling of oily wastewater emphasizes the paramount importance of sustainable and health-conscious wastewater management practices, which directly aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) while also meeting the guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). This research explores the efficiency of utilizing polypyrrole-coated ceramic-polymeric membranes to model oily wastewater separation efficiency (SE) and permeate flux (PF) based on established experimental procedures. In this area, computational simulation still needs to be explored...

Sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) have been widely used as antibacterial drugs for the prevention and treatment of livestock and poultry diseases, but they seriously threaten human health because they can accumulate in humans. Therefore, it is highly important to develop methods for monitoring sulfonamide residues in aquaculture and food. In this research, based on the generation of porous carbon (PC) by the pyrolysis of sodium citrate, magnetic porous carbon (PC@Fe3 O4 ) was synthesized by a solvothermal method and used as an adsorbent for the magnetic solid-phase extraction of SAs...

Ultrasonic-assisted dispersive micro solid phase extraction (UA-DMSPE) is proposed as a fast and easy technique for the extraction and preconcentration of methadone and tramadol from serum samples. Different sorbents including carbon nanotubes, oxidized carbon nanotubes, and TiO2 nanoparticles were compared to extract methadone and tramadol. The best performance was obtained using oxidized carbon nanotubes due to the strong affinity between the drugs and carbon nanotube adsorbents. Final analysis of drugs performed by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometric detection...

Bacteriological studies of well water mainly focus on aerobic and facultative aerobic coliform bacteria. However, the presence of obligate anaerobic bacteria in well water, especially sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), possible causative agents of some diseases, is often ignored. In this study, the presence of SRB and coexisting anaerobic bacteria with SRB in sulfate-reducing enrichment cultures obtained from 10 well water samples in Istanbul was investigated. A nested polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis strategy was performed to characterize the bacterial community structure of the enrichments...

Microfluidic and capillary devices are increasingly being used in analytical applications while their overall size keeps decreasing. Detection sensitivity for these microdevices gains more importance as device sizes and consequently, sample volumes, decrease. This paper reviews optical, electrochemical, electrical, and mass spectrometric detection methods that are applicable to capillary scale and microfluidic devices, with brief introduction to the principles in each case. Much of this is considered in the context of separations...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Cathepsin G (CTSG) has been identified as an inhibitor of breast, bladder, and colorectal cancers. The G allele of the N125S (A/G, rs45567233) functional polymorphism of the CTSG gene confers increased serum CTSG activity and has been associated with cardiovascular and neurovascular diseases. This study examined the possible correlation between the pathogenesis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and the functional polymorphism CTSG N125S. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 197 DNA samples were examined, comprising 98 BCC patients and 99 control samples of Greek origin...

The thickness-tapered channel structure in flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF), recently introduced by constructing a channel with a linear decrease in thickness along its length, demonstrated effectiveness in steric/hyperlayer separation of supramicron particles with improvements in separation speed, elution recovery, and an expanded dynamic size range of separation. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the performance between the impact of field (or crossflow rate) programming or outflow rate programming for the separation of polystyrene latex standards (50 ∼ 800 nm) with a conventional channel having uniform thickness and a thickness-tapered channel without programming...

The aim of the study was to evaluate the relationship between carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates carrying oxacillinase-type carbapenemase genes with "international high-risk clones" (IC I, II, and III) by different molecular epidemiological methods and to statistically compare the concordance and discrimination power of the methods. Carbapenem-resistant and moderately susceptible A.baumannii isolates from non-repeating blood cultures of 72 patients were included in the study. The presence of "blaOXA-23 , blaOXA-24 , blaOXA-51 ve blaOXA-58 " genes within OXA-type carbapenemases was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and confirmed by DNA sequence analysis...

Monitoring plasma concentrations of β-lactam antibiotics is crucial, particularly in critically ill patients, where variations in concentrations can lead to treatment failure or adverse events. Standardized antimicrobial regimens may not be effective for all patients, especially in special groups with altered physiological parameters. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) studies highlight the time-dependent antibacterial activity of these antibiotics, emphasizing the need for personalized dosing. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is essential, requiring rapid and accurate analytical methods for precise determination of drugs in biological material (typically plasma or serum)...

Several biologically active compounds involved in the green synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles have been isolated from snail mucus and characterized. This paper presents a successful method for the application of snail mucus from Cornu aspersum as a bioreducing agent of copper sulfate and as a biostabilizer of the copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs-Muc) obtained. The synthesis at room temperature and neutral pH yielded nanoparticles with a spherical shape and an average diameter of 150 nm. The structure and properties of CuONPs-Muc were characterized using various methods and techniques, such as ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D-PAGE), up-conversion infrared spectroscopy Fourier transform (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS), Raman spectroscopy and imaging, thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DSC), etc...