Mutation Research

Inhaled anesthetics, such as isoflurane, may cause side effects, including short-term immunosuppression and DNA damage. In contrast, low molecular weight fucoidan (LMF), derived from brown seaweed, exhibits promising immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we determined the effect of isoflurane on telomeres and examined the potential of LMF to ameliorate the harmful effects of isoflurane. Male Lewis rats, the mouse lymphoma cell line YAC-1, and the human nature killer cell line NK-92 MI were exposed to isoflurane...

Environmental and occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is associated with adverse health effects in humans. Uncertainty exists regarding the causation of urinary bladder cancer by benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) due to a lack of sufficient data. In this work, we focused on in-vitro DNA damage and the formation of micronuclei and chromosomal aberrations as predictors of cancer risk, applying a wide range of dosages and time periods to quantify the onset, intensity, and duration of the response...

Lung cancer is the one of the most prevalent cancer in the world. It kills more people from cancer than any other cause and is especially common in underdeveloped nations. With 1.2 million instances, it is also the most prevalent cancer in men worldwide, making about 16.7% of the total cancer burden. Surgery is the main form of curative treatment for early-stage lung cancer. However, the majority of patients had incurable advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) recurrence after curative purpose surgery, which is indicative of the aggressiveness of the illness and the dismal outlook...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: H. pylori is a recognized bacterial carcinogen in the world to cause gastric cancer (GC). However, the molecular mechanism of H. pylori infection-induced GC is not completely clear. Thus, there is an urgent need to reveal the precise mechanisms regulating cancer development due to H. pylori infection. METHODS: GEO microarray databases and TCGA databases were extracted for the analysis of different expression genes (DEGs). Then, Kaplan-Meier Plotter was used for prognostic analysis...

The widespread use of chemicals and the presence of chemical and metal residues in various foods, beverages, and other consumables have raised concerns about the potential for enhanced toxicity. This study assessed the cytotoxic effects of Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and its enhancement by combination with major contamination chemicals including Imidacloprid and metals, using different cytotoxic and genotoxic assays in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. PBO exhibited elevated cytotoxic effects in poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) deficient CHO mutants but not in Glutathione S-transferase deficient CHO mutants...

Bleomycin, commonly employed in treating Hodgkin's lymphoma and testicular cancer, is associated with significant pulmonary toxicity. While various studies have assessed the toxic impact of chemotherapeutic agents on aquatic and terrestrial environments, limited data exist on bleomycin's effects, especially concerning higher plants. To address this gap, we utilized the Allium cepa assays, renowned for evaluating chemical and biochemical agents' toxic effects, to investigate bleomycin's impact on the terrestrial ecosystem...

OBJECTIVES: Our group previously found that LINC00665 was upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues through database analysis; however, the potential molecular mechanism of LINC00665 in HCC progression still needs further study. METHODS: qRTPCR was performed to determine the differential expression of LINC00665 and let-7i in HCC cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to analyze the interaction of LINC00665 and let-7i. CCK-8 assays, scratch assays, Transwell invasion assays, qRTPCR and western blotting were performed to determine the regulatory mechanism of LINC00665/let-7i/HMGA1 in HCC cells...

In vitro mutation breeding in vegetatively propagated crops like banana offers a benefit in screening for beneficial variants in plant cells or cultured tissues. An attempt was made to induce mutants and determine the lethal dose, as it is the prerequisite to optimize the concentration and duration of the mutagen used to recover a larger population in mutation research. Shoot tip cultures were treated for 2 and 4 h at six different EMS concentrations ranging from 80 mM to 160 mM, whereas proliferating multiple shoots were exposed for 30 and 60 min at six different EMS concentrations ranging from 8 mM to 40 mM...

BACKGROUND: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most common enzymopathy affecting millions of individuals worldwide. It is believed that the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in different ethnic populations increases its association with other pathological conditions especially sickle cell anemia (SCA), as they both are well-known adaptations against malaria. Thus, the present study aims to determine the frequency of G6PD deficiency among SCA patients and the association between them in the tribal community (Gond) of Chhattisgarh, India...

PURPOSE: Glioblastoma (GBM) is considered the most common and lethal type of brain tumor with a poor prognosis. GBM treatment has challenges due to its aggressive nature, which often causes treatment failure and recurrence. Hypoxia is one of the characteristics of glioblastoma tumors that contribute to radioresistance and malignant phenotypes of GBM. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of hypoxia on the radiosensitivity of U87 GBM cells by the hypoxia-mimicking model. METHODS: Following the treatment of cells with different concentrations of CoCl2 , an MTT assay was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of CoCl2 ...

OBJECTIVE: Cigarette smoking is a primary risk factor, linked to 80% of LC deaths. TP53, a key gene, is implicated in various cancers, with TP53 alterations in 36.7% of cancers. This research aims to investigate TP53 mutations detected in NSCLC patients by liquid biopsy and explore the relationship between these mutations and smoking history. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study enrolled a total of 340 patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). For sequencing, the Illumina NextSeq 500 system was utilized...

AIMS: To study the impact of Mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12) gene variants on the encoded protein's function and pathogenic relevance for genesis of uterine leiomyoma's (ULs). METHODS: Mutational analysis in exon-2 of MED12 gene was performed by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing in 89 clinically diagnosed ULs tissues. Pathogenicity prediction of variation was performed by computational analysis. The functional effects of missense variation were done by quantity RT-PCR and western blot analysis...

Human xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XP-V) patients are mutated in the POLH gene, responsible for encoding the translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerase eta (Pol eta). These patients suffer from a high frequency of skin tumors. Despite several decades of research, studies on Pol eta still offer an intriguing paradox: How does this error-prone polymerase suppress mutations? This review examines recent evidence suggesting that cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) are instructional for Pol eta. Consequently, it can accurately replicate these lesions, and the mutagenic effects induced by UV radiation stem from the deamination of C-containing CPDs...

As part of an analysis performed under the auspices of the International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing (IWGT) in 2017, we and others showed that Salmonella frameshift strain TA98 and base-substitution strain TA100 together + /- S9 detected 93% of the mutagens detected by all the bacterial strains recommended by OECD TG471 (Williams et al., Mutation Res. 848:503081, 2019). We have extended this analysis by identifying the numbers and chemical classes of chemicals detected by these two strains either alone or in combination, including the role of S9...

BACKGROUND: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) represents the predominant subtype of lung cancer. MELTF, an oncogene, exhibits high expression in various cancer tissues. Nevertheless, the precise role of MELTF in the progression of LUAD remains enigmatic. This work was devised to investigate the effect of MELTF on LUAD progression and its underlying mechanism. METHODS: mRNA expression data of LUAD were from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and the enrichment pathway of MELTF was analyzed...

We investigated the role(s) of the damage-inducible SOS response dinB and imuBC gene products in the generation of ciprofloxacin-resistance mutations in the important human opportunistic bacterial pathogen, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We found that the overall numbers of ciprofloxacin resistant (CipR ) mutants able to be recovered under conditions of selection were significantly reduced when the bacterial cells concerned carried a defective dinB gene, but could be elevated to levels approaching wild-type when these cells were supplied with the dinB gene on a plasmid vector; in turn, firmly establishing a role for the dinB gene product, error-prone DNA polymerase IV, in the generation of CipR mutations in P...

New, useful microorganism resources have been generated by ionizing radiation breeding technology. However, the mutagenic effects of ionizing radiation on microorganisms have not been systematically clarified. For a deeper understanding and characterization of ionizing radiation-induced mutations in microorganisms, we investigated the lethal effects of seven different linear energy transfer (LET) radiations based on the survival fraction (SF) and whole-genome sequencing analysis of the mutagenic effects of a dose resulting in an SF of around 1% in Bacillus subtilis spores...

DNA replication stress (RS) entails the frequent slow down and arrest of replication forks by a variety of conditions that hinder accurate and processive genome duplication. Elevated RS leads to genome instability, replication catastrophe and eventually cell death. RS is particularly prevalent in cancer cells and its exacerbation to unsustainable levels by chemotherapeutic agents remains a cornerstone of cancer treatments. The adverse consequences of RS are normally prevented by the ATR and CHK1 checkpoint kinases that stabilize stressed forks, suppress origin firing and promote cell cycle arrest when replication is perturbed...

BACKGROUND: Neuropathic pain (NPP) is known as a common neurological disease with high incidence rate. The present work focused on the roles of long non-coding RNA urothelial carcinoma antigen 1(LncRNA UCA1) in NPP and the possible underlying mechanism. METHODS: NPP rat model has been established and the levels of UCA1 NPP as well as the group has been determined by RT-PCR method. Next, NPP rats were treated by UCA1 over-expression plasmid and the behaviors, as well as expression of inflammatory cytokines have been examined...

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a malignancy of the alimentary tract resulting in death worldwide. The role and underlying mechanism of hsa-miR-1269a in the progression of ESCC remain unclear. In this study, hsa-miR-1269a was screened by differential expression analysis in TCGA, and its target gene FAM46C was predicted. qRT-PCR was conducted to assay the expression of hsa-miR-1269a and FAM46C in ESCC cells. The results showed that hsa-miR-1269a was upregulated in ESCC tissues and cell lines. Hsa-miR-1269a overexpression stimulated the proliferation, migration, and invasion capacities of ESCC cells, and FAM46C overexpression inhibited these phenotypes...