The proteomic analysis uncovers the cellular responses to the African swine fever virus membrane proteins p54, p17, and pB117L.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection causes ASF, a highly contagious and fatal disease that poses severe threat to swine production. To gain insights into the host responses to ASFV, we generated recombinant adenovirus Ad5 expressing viral membrane proteins p54, p17, and pB117L individually and infected an alveolar cell line, 3D4/21, with these recombinant viruses. The cell lysates were analyzed using label-free quantification proteomic analysis method. A total of 2,158 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, of which 817, 466, and 875 proteins were from Ad5-p54-, Ad5-p17-, Ad5-pB117L-infected 3D4/21 cells, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) classification and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis revealed distinct yet interconnecting patterns of protein interaction networks. Specifically, the Ad5-p54 infection enriched the DEPs primarily involved in the metabolic pathways, endocytosis, adherens junction, and SNARE interactions in vesicular transport. The Ad5-p17 infection enriched the DEPs in endocytosis, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, N-Glycan biosynthesis, and apoptosis, while the Ad5-pB117L infection enriched the DEPs in metabolic pathways, endocytosis, oxidative phosphorylation, and focal adhesion. In summary, these results provide a comprehensive proteinomics analysis of the cellular responses to three ASFV membrane proteins, thus enhancing our understanding of ASFV pathogenesis.