Combined application of entomopathogenic fungi and predatory mites for biological control of Tetranychus urticae on chrysanthemum.

BACKGROUND: Most studies on efficacy of fungal pathogens and predatory mites against Tetranychus urticae have been done on individual species in the laboratory. We evaluated fungi and predatory mites separately and together against greenhouse populations of T. urticae on chrysanthemum plants. First, effectiveness of the fungal pathogens Beauveria bassiana (Bb88) and Metarhzium anisopliae (Ma129), was compared; then, effectiveness of the predatory mites Phytoseiulus persimilis and Neoseiulus californicus. Based on the results, N. californicus and isolate Ma129 were selected and evaluated in combination. In all experiments, treatment effects were assessed for eggs and motile stages of T. urticae.

RESULTS: The first experiment showed no significant effect of both fungal isolates on T. urticae populations, except on plants initially infested with 20 mites, where more eggs were found in the control compared to the fungal treatments. In the second experiment, both predatory mites were equally effective at reducing T. urticae populations compared with the control, regardless of initial T. urticae population density. The last experiment demonstrated that populations of T. urticae were reduced most when M. anisopliae (Ma129) and N. californicus were applied together, compared with the control and when each natural enemy was applied separately.

CONCLUSIONS: M. anisopliae (Ma129) and B. bassiana (Bb88) isolates did not have a significant effect reducing T. urticae populations. Both predatory mites reduced T. urticae populations, regardless of T. urticae density. Combined application of M. anisopliae (Ma129) and N. californicus were more effective against T. urticae than the control or when each agent was applied separately. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.