What Happens Next? Maintenance of Gains After Discharge From VA Residential PTSD Treatment.

Residential posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment in the Department of Veterans Affairs is helpful for many Veterans, yet the majority experience symptom rebound after discharge. This study examined a national cohort of Veterans (n = 1872) who completed VA residential PTSD treatment and identified factors associated with maintenance of gains from discharge to 4-month follow-up. We generated three logistic regression models based on response profiles during residential treatment. In the "marginal responders" group, 1-3 "booster" sessions of PTSD treatment were associated with decreased odds of maintenance of gains (odds ratio [OR], 0.42), whereas in the "clinically significant responders" group, these sessions were associated with increased odds of maintenance of gains (OR, 2.89). Greater pain severity was associated with decreased odds of maintenance of gains in the "clinically significant responder" group (OR, 0.90). Results demonstrate several avenues for intervention including targeting pain severity and matching aftercare psychotherapy to Veteran residential treatment response.