Bone mimetic environments support engineering, propagation, and analysis of therapeutic response of patient-derived cells, ex vivo and in vivo.

Bone metastases are the most common milestone in the lethal progression of prostate cancer and prominent in a substantial portion of renal malignancies. Interactions between cancer and bone host cells have emerged as drivers of both disease progression and therapeutic resistance. To best understand this central host-epithelial cell interactions, biologically relevant preclinical models are required. To achieve this goal, we here established and characterized tissue-engineered bone mimetic environments (BME) capable of supporting the growth of patient-derived xenograft (PDX) cells, ex vivo and in vivo. The BME consisted of a polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold colonized by human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) differentiated into osteoblasts. PDX-derived cells were isolated from bone metastatic prostate or renal tumors, engineered to express GFP or luciferase and seeded onto the BMEs. BMEs supported the growth and therapy response of PDX-derived cells, ex vivo. Additionally, BMEs survived after in vivo implantation and further sustained the growth of PDX-derived cells, their serial transplant, and their application to study the response to treatment. Taken together, this demonstrates the utility of BMEs in combination with patient-derived cells, both ex vivo and in vivo. This approach has the potential to support co-clinical strategies to monitor bone metastatic tumor progression and therapy response, including identification and prioritization of new targets for patient treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Bone metastases are a lethal complication of prostate and renal cancers. The interplay between cancer and bone cells has emerged as a key driver of both disease progression and therapeutic resistance. To best understand these interactions, biologically relevant preclinical models are required. To achieve this goal, we established and characterized tissue-engineered bone mimetic environments (BME) capable of supporting the growth of patient-derived cells and therapy response, both ex vivo and in vivo. This approach has the potential to support co-clinical strategies to monitor bone metastatic tumor progression and therapy response, including identification and prioritization of new targets for patient treatment.