Ecofriendly and scalable production of bioglass using an organic calcium source enhanced bioactivity for tissue repair.

The eco-friendly and scalable production of bioglass remains a challenging but attractive strategy for advancing its widespread biomedical applications. Although the sol-gel method has been considered a valuable approach for bioglass production, the application of calcium nitrate as a calcium source markedly limits its industrialization owing to environmental pollution, high administration costs, and numerous calcium-rich regions in the as-prepared bioglass. Therefore, organic Ca has been proposed as an alternative to inorganic Ca. In the current study, bioglass was successfully prepared using a novel calcium source (calcium glycerol) and was named regeneration silicon (RegeSi). The biocompatibity of bioglass was examined by performing the MTT assay using L929 fibroblasts. The biological and tissue repair properties of RegeSi were better than those of bioglass prepared with calcium nitrate using the sol-gel or traditional melting methods. Considering that a relative growth rate (RGR) of 70% may be cytotoxic, the MTT assay revealed that RegeSi (RGR, 75%) lacked cytotoxicity, whereas the other biomaterials, 58S, 45S5, and S53P4, showed potential cytotoxicity. The applicability of RegeSi was validated using suitable wound healing and dental restoration models. Notably, RegeSi ensured closure of a deep wound (1.6 cm diameter, 2 mm depth) within 11 days. Moreover, RegeSi facilitated tooth repair with a blocking rate of 97.1% . More importantly, large-scale production of RegeSi was achieved at low cost, high bioactivity, and using environmental technology, reaching a capacity of 100 kg/batch.