The host response to autogenous, allogeneic and xenogeneic TDM/DDM-oriented tissue regeneration.

Dentin is a bonelike matrix that forms the bulk of the tooth. By fabricating dentin with protocols involving demineralization, sterilization and preservation, TDM/DDM could be obtained, which is considered as a useful tool for bone and tooth-tissue regeneration. Non-negligible inflammatory and immune responses are reviewed in this manuscript of autogenous, allogeneic and xenogeneic TDM/DDM for the first time. Both autogenous and allogeneic TDM/DDM showed good biocompatibility in original and clinical studies, while a few cases reported the observation of inflammatory cells around tissue samples. As for xenogeneic TDM/DDM, multiple immune responses were revealed. Immune cells including eosinocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes and muti-nucleated giant cell, M1/M2 macrophages and Th1-type CTL responses involved. To avoid these adverse inflammatory responses caused by TDM/DDM implantation, some of the effective fabricating methods are discussed to reduce host immune responses to TDM/DDM.