Adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on Renal system using Data Mining Algorithms (DMAs).

BACKGROUND: : Various Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are associated with Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs). However, the effects of PPIs on renal system are unclear so far. Thus, the main objective of the current study was to identify possible signals of PPIs in the renal system.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data Mining Algorithms (DMAs) such as Proportional Reporting Ratio i.e., PRR (≥2) with associated Chi-square value (>4), Reporting Odds ratio i.e., ROR (≥2) with 95% confidence interval and case count (≥3) were calculated to identify a possible signal.

RESULTS: : The calculated proportional reporting ratio (PRR) and reporting odds ratio (ROR) have indicated a positive signal of PPIs with suspected chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute kidney injury (AKI), renal failure (RF), renal injury (RI), and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The subgroup analysis results have shown a greater number of cases in the age group (18-64 years) as compared to other age groups whereas the number of cases in the female was found to be more as compared to males. The sensitivity analysis results have also shown no significant impact of concomitantly administered drugs on the outcome.

CONCLUSION: : PPIs may be associated with various adverse drug reactions on the renal system.