Elevated pre-injection basal LH concentrations are common in girls treated for central precocious puberty.

Objective: Consensus on how to monitor girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) during gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment is lacking. Increased unstimulated basal luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations have been suggested to indicate lack of suppression. We aimed to evaluate pre-injection basal LH concentrations during GnRHa (leuprorelin 3.75 mg) treatment 4 weekly in girls with CPP.

Methods: Medical records were reviewed for girls with CPP treated at a single center from 2014-2019. Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings during treatment were systematically recorded.

Results: A total of 587 GnRHa pre-injection basal LH concentrations were analyzed in 74 girls. Basal LH was pubertal (≥0.3 IU/L) in 53.5% of blood samples and 87.8% of all girls had a pubertal basal LH concentration at least once. A GnRH test (n=29) was repeated in 23 girls due to suspicion of clinical progression, elevated basal LH or recordable estradiol concentrations. None had a stimulated LH > 3.1 IU/L. The predictability of treatment suppression (specificity) of basal LH concentrations was 12.0% when compared to repeated GnRH stimulation tests. Despite shortening the GnRHa injection interval to 3 weeks, basal LH concentrations remained pubertal in 85.7% girls. A significant reduction in height SDS (p<0.001) and bone age advance (p<0.001) was observed during treatment.

Conclusion: Pre-injection basal LH remains at pubertal concentrations during treatment with leuprorelin 3.75 mg in girls with CPP. Clinical monitoring of pubertal progression is preferable to routine basal LH concentrations. Repeat GnRH stimulation testing should be regarded the gold standard.