Comorbidities in Lichen Planus: A Case-control Study in Indian Patients.

Background: Many previous studies have observed an association of lichen planus (LP) with one or two comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and thyroid dysfunction. This study was undertaken to determine the association of LP with common comorbidities including diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, thyroid dysfunction, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

Materials and Methods: The study included 75 patients with clinical diagnosis of LP and 75 age- and sex-matched controls. After taking complete history, general examination and thorough dermatological examination were performed in all cases. Fasting serum samples were taken from all cases and controls and assayed for fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile, T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels, and anti-HCVantibodies. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to 2005 revised National Cholesterol Education Programme's Adult Treatment Panel III. Two-sample Student's t -test was used for statistical analysis.

Results: Increased triglyceride levels were seen in 26 cases (34.67%) compared with 14 controls (14%), which was significant ( P = 0.024). Statistically significant increased prevalence of increasedlow-density lipoprotein levels ( P = 0.027), low high-density lipoprotein levels ( P = 0.0189), and diabetes mellitus ( P = 0.0217) was also observed in LP. Metabolic syndrome ( P = 0.656) and hypothyroidism ( P = 0.117) were not significantly associated with LP. Strong association was observed between oral LP and hypothyroidism. All patients screened for anti-HCV antibodies were found to be negative.

Conclusion: There is a clear associationof LP with dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus. Screening for dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus in all patients of LP will help in early detection, initiation of treatment, and prevent long-term morbidity.