Current concepts and techniques of vitrectomy for retinopathy of prematurity.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide. ROP screening and interventions (e.g., laser ablation and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF] therapy) at the right time can reduce disease activity and prevent retinal detachment. However, sometimes, ROP is refractory to treatment, leading to tractional retinal detachment (TRD), requiring surgical intervention, such as vitrectomy. Vitrectomy for Stage 5 ROP (total retinal detachment) is beneficial in preventing total blindness in some patients. However, it has poor anatomical and functional results. Vitrectomy (lens-sparing vitrectomy, if possible) should be performed at Stage 4A ROP (partial TRD not involving the macula) because the anatomical and functional results are much better.