Compliance with the RSV immunoprophylaxis dosing schedule in the Polish registry for palivizumab (2008-2014).

OBJECTIVE: Background: Respiratory syncytial virus infection causes respiratory diseases in about 90% of the children under 2 years of age. Currently the only way to prevent infection is through immunoprophylaxis based on palivizumab. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess compliance with the recommended prophylaxis regimen in children qualified for the Polish National Programme for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunoprophylaxis over six consecutive virus seasons (2008-2014).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of data obtained from a multicentre, non-interventional observational study was performed. The prevention programme included 3,780 children aged 4 weeks to 2 years. The analysis included: the course of the neonatal period, clinical features at the time of inclusion in the programme, the immunisation course, and adherence to the palivizumab dosing schedule.

RESULTS: Results: During the programme, the children received an average of 3.8 (range 1-5) injections. The highest mean number of injections was recorded in the 2013/14 season (4.3±1), and the lowest in the 2009/10 season (2.7±0.8). Overall, 3,084 children (81.7%) received all of the expected doses, while 2,352 (62.2%) children received injections within the appropriate interdose interval. The probability of non-compliance was higher for males. None of the other demographic, social, or clinical factors seemed to impact compliance.

CONCLUSION: Conclusions: Compliance with the monthly dosing schedule of palivizumab is key to achieving the proper immunoprophylaxis efficacy. Education regarding the consequences of non-compliance with the regime and increased doctor-parent communication is recommended in future.