Sublethal effects of the novel cis-nitromethylene neonicotinoid cycloxaprid on the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae).

Cycloxaprid is a novel cis-configuration neonicotinoid insecticide that is effective against a wide range of insect pests, including those that are resistant to conventional neonicotinoids. In this study, life table parameters were applied to estimate the cycloxaprid-induced sublethal effects on Aphis gossypii. The results indicated that the LC20 (0.81 mg a.i. L-1 ) of cycloxaprid significantly decreased the pre-oviposition period in first-progeny adults. Additionally, the life expectancy of F1 generation adults was reduced. However, no significant differences were observed for the intrinsic rate of increase (r i ), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rate (R0 ), or mean generation time (T) of F1 individuals. Therefore, resurgence in the A. gossypii population induced by a low concentration of cycloxaprid might not occur. Additionally, the response of the detoxification enzymes showed that cycloxaprid at the LC20 inhibited cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities at 6 h after exposure. Such inhibition of P450 and GST activities could lead to a decrease in the metabolism of cycloxaprid, which would increase the efficacy of cycloxaprid. Therefore, our results contribute to the assessment of the overall effects of cycloxaprid on A. gossypii.