The analysis of posterior segment findings in term and premature infants using RetCam images.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze posterior segment findings in term and premature infants using the RetCam image database.

METHODS: RetCam images taken of infants born between January 2012 and December 2015 were reviewed. Group 1 included infants with posterior segment findings other than retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Group 2 included infants with mild-to-severe ROP. The baseline characteristics, anterior segment findings, and percentage of infants who received treatment were compared among the 2 groups.

RESULTS: In total, 331 out of 3440 infants (9.6%) were included. The major diagnoses in group 1 (n = 75) were retinal hemorrhages in 26, optic nerve pathologies in 14, findings associated with a metabolic disease in 6, ocular tumors in 5, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous in 4, and familial exudative vitreoretinopathy in 4 cases. The mean birth weight (g) (2481.9 ± 700.5 in group 1 vs 1090.5 ± 330.9 in group 2), gestational age (weeks) (35.9 ± 3.4 in group 1 vs 28.2 ± 2.4 in group 2), and postmenstrual age at initial examination (35.9 ± 3.4 in group 1 vs 28.2 ± 2.4 in group 2) were significantly different among the 2 groups (p < 0.001). Thirteen out of 75 cases in group 1 and 124 out of 256 ROP cases received therapy (p < 0.001). Anterior segment pathologies were found in 13.3% of group 1 versus 7.8% of group 2 infants (p = 0.216).

CONCLUSIONS: A considerable number of infants suffered from posterior segment disorders other than ROP. The majority of these infants were term babies. Routine fundus screening may be recommended in all newborns to diagnose all posterior segment pathologies other than ROP.