Possible differential EGFR-TKI efficacy among exon 19 deletional locations in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Exon 19 deletion mutations (Del-19s) and the exon 21 L858R point mutation are the most common epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. In Del-19, several subtypes actually exist, consisting of the deletional location with or without amino acid insertion/substitution. Little evidence has been described whether the Del-19 subtype affects EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) efficacy.

METHODS: Between December 2005 and July 2012, we investigated 105 patients harboring a Del-19 who had received EGFR-TKIs. Efficacies of EGFR-TKIs such as response rate (RR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were retrospectively evaluated among various patient characteristics.

RESULTS: Among these 105 patients with Del-19s, 78 (74%) patients had a deletion from E746 (Del-E746), and 27 (26%) exhibited a deletion from L747 (Del-L747). Median PFS of Del-E746 (11.7 months, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.3-15.6) was significantly longer than Del-L747 (10.0 months, 95% CI: 6.4-12.7) (p=0.022). Insertions/substitutions were found in 19 patients (18%), and 91 patients (82%) were without insertions/substitutions. Median PFS without insertions/substitutions (11.7 months, 95% CI 9.3-15.2) was significantly longer than with insertions/substitutions (10.0 months, 95% CI: 4.0-10.6) (p=0.024). No relationships were found for RR among all patient characteristics. In multivariate analysis, performance status (PS) (0/1 vs. 2/3) and initial deletion site (Del-E746 vs. Del-L747) were significant factors for longer PFS, whereas PS, gender (male vs female) and histology (adeno vs squamous) for longer OS.

CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicated better efficacy of EGFR-TKI in Del-E746 than Del-L747. Deletional locations may affect EGFR-TKI efficacy.