Impact of contrast-induced acute kidney injury with transient or persistent renal dysfunction on long-term outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term prognostic implications of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) with transient or persistent renal dysfunction in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

DESIGN: A retrospective observational registry study.

SETTING: Clinical follow-up after PCI. Patients and methods A total of 1041 PCI-treated AMI patients from the Infarction Prognosis Study registry. CI-AKI was defined as an increase in serum creatinine (>25% or >0.5 mg/dl (>44.2 μmol/l)) within 2 days after PCI. Main outcome measures Two-year cumulative event rate of all-cause death or renal failure requiring dialysis.

RESULTS: CI-AKI was observed in 148 patients (14.2%). Patients with CI-AKI had a higher rate of death or dialysis (25.4% vs. 6.3%, p<0.001) at 2 years compared with patients without CI-AKI. CI-AKI was an important independent predictor of death or dialysis (HR 2.76, 95% CI 1.61 to 4.73, p<0.001) Persistent renal dysfunction after CI-AKI was documented in 68 patients (45.9%). Patients with transient renal dysfunction showed a lower 2-year event rate of death or dialysis compared with those with persistent renal dysfunction (17.9% vs. 34.1%, p=0.013); however, they showed a higher event rate compared with those without CI-AKI (17.9% vs. 6.3%, p<0.001).

CONCLUSION: Transient and persistent renal dysfunction after CI-AKI was associated with increased short and long-term mortality and morbidity in AMI patients treated by PCI. Better preventive strategies are needed to improve clinical outcomes in AMI patients at high risk of developing CI-AKI.