Copd

INTRODUCTION: Previous observational studies assessing β2-agonist/-antagonist use on PD risk have yielded conflicting results. We evaluated the relationship between β2-agonist use and the incidence of Parkinson's disease in patients with chronic lung disease. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort analysis on a 20% random sample abstracted from a traditional (fee-for-service) Medicare program in the United States. Inclusion criteria were individuals over 65 years old diagnosed with asthma, COPD, and/or bronchiectasis who were enrolled in a prescription drug (standalone Part D) plan over 2007-2010 and alive through 2014...

BACKGROUND: In 2015, the emergency department of a municipal hospital in Vienna began to perform noninvasive ventilation (NIV) on patients admitted for acute respiratory failure, given no intubation criteria were met. The intention of this study was to show to which type of hospital unit patients were transferred after undergoing NIV in the emergency department. Additionally, the impact of the underlying disease, a patient's sex and age and the year of intervention were analyzed...

The present case reports on a 53-year-old patient with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acute pneumonia who complained of massive right-sided chest pain and hemoptysis after a severe coughing fit. To the authors' great surprise, further clinical and radiological investigations revealed a rupture of the right intercostal muscles caused by the coughing fit, with herniation of parts of the right lower lobe of the lung down to the subcutaneous and below the M. latissimus dorsi...

The burden of disease attributed to the indoor exposure to sulfur dioxide (SO2 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), ozone (O3 ), and carbon monoxide (CO) is not clear, and the quantitative concentration-response relationship is a prerequisite. This is a systematic review to summarize the quantitative concentration-response relationships by screening and analyzing the polled effects of population-based epidemiological studies. After collecting literature published between 1980 and 2019, a total of 19 health outcomes in 101 studies with 182 health risk estimates were recruited...

and objective: Umeclidinium/vilanterol (UMEC/VI; ANORO ELLIPTA) is a commonly used dual bronchodilator. This study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of UMEC/VI in Korean patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) over a 6-year period. Methods: This was an open-label, multicentre, observational, post-marketing surveillance study. A total of 3375 patients were enrolled consecutively in 52 hospitals, by 53 physicians, between July 2014 and July 2020. Patients who were administered UMEC/VI (fixed-dose 62...

OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively compare equivalence and compliance of patient-reported outcome (PRO) data collected via provisioned device (PD) versus bring your own device (BYOD). METHODS: Participants with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) completed the EXAcerbations of Chronic Pulmonary Disease Tool (EXACT® ) daily and COPD Assessment Test™ (CAT) and Patient Global Impression of Severity (PGIS) of COPD weekly on either PD or BYOD for 15 days, then switched device types for 15 days...

BACKGROUND: Black Americans are diagnosed at later stage of lung cancer more often than White Americans. We undertook a population-based study to identify factors contributing to racial disparities in lung cancer stage of diagnosis among low-income adults. RESEARCH QUESTION: Which multilevel factors contribute to racial disparities in stage of lung cancer at diagnosis? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Incident lung cancers from the prospective observational Southern Community Cohort Study were identified by linkage with state cancer registries in 12 southeastern states...

Clinically important deterioration (CID) is a composite tool developed to measure COPD's progression. It is a promising concept that can improve treatment choices for COPD patients because it provides a more holistic assessment of their status in everyday clinical practice. The post hoc analysis of several trials that were important for improving COPD treatment provides increasing evidence of the importance of assessing CID. These retrospective evaluations suggest that dual bronchodilation should be preferred over a single bronchodilator if treatment aims to reduce a possible clinical deterioration of COPD...

BACKGROUND: Patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) have decreased exercise tolerance, which may persist for months. In this context, little is known about the associations between muscle strength and recovery of exercise capacity. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether respiratory and peripheral muscle strength influence recovery of exercise capacity in patients hospitalized due to AECOPD. METHODS: Twenty-seven AECOPD patients (aged 69 ± 7 years, 56% male) were included...

BACKGROUND: Research shows that even the short-term administration of inhaled drugs immediately before surgery can improve respiratory function in surgical candidates with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the long-term efficacies of different types of long-acting inhaled agents when used during a short preoperative period remain unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacies of short-term, preoperative long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs), inhaled corticosteroids with long-acting β2-agonists (ICSs/LABAs), and long-acting muscarinic antagonists with long-acting β2-agonists (LAMAs/LABAs) in patients with COPD after lung resection...

This article lays out the determinants of maximal O2 consumption (VO2 max) achieved during high intensity endurance exercise. It is not a traditional topical review but rather an educational essay that intertwines chance observations made during an unrelated research project with a subsequent program of stepwise thought, analysis and experimentation to reveal how O2 is delivered to and used by the mitochondria. The centerpiece is the recognition that O2 is delivered by an inter-dependent system of transport components functioning as a "bucket brigade", made up of the lungs, heart, blood and circulation, and the muscles themselves, each of which affects O2 transport by similar amounts as they change...

PURPOSE: Intermittent hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, two main features of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), have been shown to increase the aggressiveness of lung cancer, mainly in animal and in vitro studies. However, the association between SDB and lung cancer has not been well described in human studies. In this study, we investigated the associations among SDB, sleep quality, and lung cancer in Korean patients. METHODS: Patients with histologically diagnosed lung cancer performed a home sleep apnea test...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the interdependence of extracorporeal blood flow (Qec) and gas flow (GF) in predicting CO2 removal and reduction of minute mechanical ventilation under extracorporeal respiratory support. METHODS: All patients who benefited from V-V ECMO and high-flow ECCO2 R in our intensive care unit over a period of 18 months were included. CO2 removal was calculated from inlet/outlet blood port gases during the first 7 days of oxygenator use...

Low body mass index (BMI) is an independent predictor of prolonged hospital stay and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have examined the validity of Asian BMI cutoff values for classifying severity based on the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria in patients with acute COPD exacerbations. This study sought to validate whether Asian BMI cutoff values can accurately predict 30-day in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and 90-day readmission outcomes for patients with acute COPD exacerbations...

Esophageal pressure (Pes) measurements could optimise ventilator parameters in acute respiratory failure (ARF) patients requiring noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Consequently, the objectives of our study were to evaluate the safety and accuracy of applying a Pes measuring protocol in ARF patients with AECOPD under NIV in our respiratory intermediate care unit (RICU). An observational cohort study was undertaken. The negative inspiratory swing of Pes (ΔPes) was measured: in an upright/supine position in the presence/absence of NIV at D1 (day of admission), D3 (3rd day of NIV), and DoD (day of discharge)...

Inhaled bronchodilators (alone or in combination) are the cornerstone of treatment for symptomatic patients with COPD, either as initial/first-line treatment or for second-line/treatment escalation in patients who experience persistent symptoms or exacerbations on monotherapy. The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2022 report recommends initial pharmacological treatment with a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) or a long-acting β2 -agonist (LABA) as monotherapy for most patients, or dual bronchodilator therapy (LABA/LAMA) in patients with more severe symptoms, regardless of exacerbation history...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by irreversible deterioration of the airway wall. Cigarette smoking is the major trigger, and in vitro studies showed that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induced mitophagy in airway epithelial cells via oxidative stress, but this mechanism was not studied in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). Primary ASMCs isolated from COPD patients or non-disease donors were investigated for CSE-induced remodeling and mitochondria structure. Proteins were assessed by Western blots for remodeling: collagen type-I, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin; autophagy: beclin-1, protein62 (p62), light chain (LC)3A/B; mitochondria activity: mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II & -IV (MTCO2, MTCO4), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α); lysosomes: early endosome antigen 1, lysosome activated membrane protein 1; and cell signaling: extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2)...

BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to search for predictive factors and to develop a model (index) for the risk of pneumonia following acute ischemic stroke. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study is an analysis of prospectively collected data from the neurology department of a district general hospital in Poland, comprising 1001 patients suffering from an acute ischemic stroke. Based on the medical data, the formula for the prediction of pneumonia was calculated. RESULTS: Multivariate assessment for pneumonia occurrence was performed using the new PNEUMOINDEX...

INTRODUCTION: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is at the top of the list of non-communicable diseases with related rehabilitation needs. Digital medicine may provide continuative integrated intervention, overcoming accessibility and cost barriers. METHODS: We systematically searched for randomized controlled trials on telerehabilitation (TR) in people with COPD to profile the adopted TR strategies, focusing on TR models and the main rehabilitation actions: monitoring and assessment, decision, and feedback...

Early life conditions are associated with lung function and the development of respiratory and non-respiratory illnesses. The relationship with birthweight (BW), however, is conflicting. We examined associations of self-reported BW with lung function and the development of respiratory and also non-respiratory diseases within the GEIRD (Gene-Environment Interaction in Respiratory Diseases) project, an Italian multi-centre, multi-case control study involving cases of COPD, asthma, allergic rhinitis and controls...