Copd

PURPOSE: To investigate the safety and outcomes of laparoscopic control of intraperitoneal mesh positioning in open umbilical hernia repair. METHODS: This study is a retrospective review of a series of adult patients with uncomplicated umbilical hernia who underwent elective open repair with a self-expanding patch with laparoscopic control from March 2011 to December 2018. The adequacy of mesh positioning was inspected with a 5-mm 30° scope in the left flank. The primary endpoint was recurrence...

BACKGROUND: There is an observed international increase in NIV application as an alternative to endotracheal intubation in non-COPD patients admitted with community acquired pneumonia despite the lack of strong evidence for its use. The aim of this study is the meta-analysis of data from randomised-controlled trials on the effectiveness of non-invasive ventilation versus standard medical care in adults admitted with severe community-acquired pneumonia. METHODS: Monthly electronic searches on CENTRAL and MEDLINE were performed between September 2017 and October 2019...

The numbers of macrophages are increased in the lungs of COPD patients. COPD lung macrophages have reduced ability to phagocytose microbes and efferocytose apoptotic cells. Inhaled corticosteroids are widely used anti-inflammatory drugs in COPD; however, their role beyond suppression of cytokine release has not been explored in COPD macrophages. We have examined the effects of corticosteroids on COPD lung macrophage phenotype and function. Lung macrophages from controls and COPD patients were treated with corticosteroids; effects on gene and protein expression of CD163, CD164, CD206, MERTK, CD64, CD80 and CD86 were studied...

Background: Higher socioeconomic status (SES) indicators such as educational attainment and income reduce the risk of chronic lung diseases (CLDs) such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma. Marginalization-related Diminished Returns (MDRs) refer to smaller health benefits of high SES for marginalized populations such as racial and ethnic minorities compared to the socially privileged groups such as non-Hispanic Whites. It is still unknown, however, if MDRs also apply to the effects of education and income on CLDs...

PDE4 inhibitors can suppress a variety of inflammatory cell functions that contribute to their anti-inflammatory actions in respiratory diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. The systemically delivered PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast has been approved for use in a subset of patients with severe COPD with chronic bronchitis and a history of exacerbations. Use of systemically delivered PDE4 inhibitors has been limited by systemic side effects. Inhaled PDE4 inhibitors have been considered as a viable alternative to increase tolerability and determine the maximum therapeutic potential of PDE4 inhibition in respiratory diseases...

The effects on respiratory health in populations living close to silica-rich gold mine dumps are unknown. This pilot study related respiratory health and exposure to mine dump dust using two measures of exposure: exposure group, based on distance lived from the mine dump-high ( n = 93) (home <500 m from a mine dump), moderate ( n = 133) (500-1.5 km), and low ( n = 84) (>15 km, control group); and cumulative exposure index (CEI) derived from exposure group and number of years of residence in each exposure group...

INTRODUCTION: Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2J2 is a major enzyme that controls epoxyeicosatrienoic acids biosynthesis, which may play a role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) development. In this study, we aimed to assess the influence of CYP2J2 polymorphisms with COPD susceptibility. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A case-control study enrolled 313 COPD cases and 508 controls was to investigate the association between CYP2J2 polymorphisms and COPD risk. Agena MassARRAY platform was used to genotype CYP2J2 polymorphisms...

RATIONALE: Bronchoscopic Lung Volume Reduction (BLVR) with Zephyr® Valves improves lung function, exercise tolerance and quality of life (QoL) of patients with hyperinflated emphysema and little to no collateral ventilation (CV). OBJECTIVES: Post-hoc analysis of patient reported outcomes (PROs) including multidimensional measures of dyspnea, activity, and QoL in the LIBERATE Study are reported. METHODS: 190 patients with severe heterogeneous emphysema and little to no CV in the target lobe were randomized 2:1 to Zephyr Valve or Standard of Care (SoC)...

BACKGROUND: One of the most vulnerable times in a patient's encounter with a health care system is during transitions of care (TOC), defined by the Joint Commission as the movement of a patient from one health care provider or setting to another. The use of a clinical pharmacist as a member of the care transitions team has received focused attention and shown improved benefit. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of a large-scale pharmacist-to-pharmacist TOC model where inpatient clinical pharmacists identify patients during a hospital stay, provide evidence-based care and education, and then coordinate follow-up with an outpatient clinical pharmacist who provided comprehensive medication management (CMM) under a scope of practice...

Objective: To explore whether newly diagnosed iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is associated with subsequent systemic autoimmune disease onset. Methods: The study identified 22,440 patients who received a diagnosis of IDA between 2000 and 2012 from a random sample of 1 million people from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. The patients with IDA were randomly matched with 89,528 patients with no IDA by age, gender, and index year. We followed the 2 groups until systemic autoimmune disease onset...

PURPOSE: To investigate risk factors for severe bleeding during warfarin treatment, including the influence of sex, age, comorbidity and co-medication on bleeding risk. METHODS: Patients initiating warfarin treatment between 2007 and 2011 were identified in the nationwide Swedish Prescribed Drug Register, and diagnoses of severe bleeding were retrieved from the National Patient Register. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for severe bleeding were estimated using multiple Cox regression adjusting for indications and including covariates age, sex, comorbidities and co-medications...

BACKGROUND: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have accelerated our understanding of the genetic underpinnings of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, GWAS populations have typically consisted of European descent, with ∼1% of Latin American ancestry. OBJECTIVE: To overcome this limitation, we conducted a GWAS in a rural Chilean population with increased COPD risk to investigate genetic variation of COPD risk in this understudied minority population...

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between symptom burden, medication adherence, and spiritual well-being in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). BACKGROUND: The relationship between spirituality and medication adherence has been investigated in different chronic conditions. However, the relationship between symptom burden, medication adherence, and spiritual well-being in patients with COPD has not been explored. DESIGN: A descriptive correlational study design was adopted...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are known risk factors for mortality. In this study, we examined the overlap of CKD and airflow limitation (AFL) that characterises COPD and its effect on 10-year mortality in a community-based population. This study included 1,233 health check-up participants (mean age, 63.7 years; 46.7% men). We defined serum creatinine-based CKD (CKDcr) and serum cystatin C-based CKD (CKDcys) as glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 , estimated using serum creatinine or cystatin C, and/or dipstick proteinuria ≥1+...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a major impact on mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Mortality risk increases by 50% in patients who were re-intubated or required prolonged mechanical ventilation after the operation. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of COPD on the prediction of postoperative complications and outcome including intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay, postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing all types of cardiac surgery...

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AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects on the quality of care of the Patient Report Informing Self-Management Support (PRISMS) form compared with usual care among patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) consulting a COPD nurse in primary health care. BACKGROUND: Patients with COPD experience symptoms affecting their everyday lives and there is a need for interventions in self-management support. The delivery of chronic care in an organized, structured, and planned manner can lead to more productive relationships between professionals and patients...

BACKGROUND: Few studies have assessed the impact of employment on mental health among chronically ill patients. This study investigated the association between employment and self-reported mental unhealthy days among US adults. METHODS: For this cross-sectional cohort study, we pooled 2011-2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey data. We examined the association between employment and mental health in nine self-reported chronic conditions using marginalized zero-inflated negative binomial regression (MZINB)...

Object . Results on the associations of fruit and vegetable intake with risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are still in conflict. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the association between fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of COPD. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched for relevant studies published up to September 2019. Combined relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with the random effects model (REM)...

Viral infections of the airway can exacerbate respiratory diseases, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and accelerate disease progression. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)δ, a class 1A PI3K, has been studied as a potential target for achieving anti-oncogenic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the role of PI3Kδ in antiviral responses is poorly understood. Using a synthetic double-stranded RNA poly I:C and a selective PI3Kδ inhibitor IC87114, we investigated the role of PI3Kδ signaling in poly I:C-induced expression of the T lymphocyte-inhibitory molecule programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), inflammatory responses and antiviral interferon (IFN) responses...