Jacek Baj, Wojciech Flieger, Aleksandra Barbachowska, Beata Kowalska, Michał Flieger, Alicja Forma, Grzegorz Teresiński, Piero Portincasa, Grzegorz Buszewicz, Elżbieta Radzikowska-Büchner, Jolanta Flieger
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element with unique functions in the body; it acts as a cofactor for many enzymes involved in energy metabolism, the endogenous antioxidant enzyme systems, neurotransmitter production, and the regulation of reproductive hormones. However, overexposure to Mn is toxic, particularly to the central nervous system (CNS) due to it causing the progressive destruction of nerve cells. Exposure to manganese is widespread and occurs by inhalation, ingestion, or dermal contact. Associations have been observed between Mn accumulation and neurodegenerative diseases such as manganism, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis...
October 6, 2023: International Journal of Molecular Sciences