miRNA analysis

This study aimed to identify active miRNA editing sites during adipose development in Ningxiang pigs and analyze their characteristics and functions. Based on small RNA-seq data from the subcutaneous adipose tissues of Ningxiang pigs at four stages-30 days (piglet), 90 days (nursery), 150 days (early fattening), and 210 days (late fattening)-we constructed a developmental map of miRNA editing in the adipose tissues of Ningxiang pigs. A total of 505 miRNA editing sites were identified using the revised pipeline, with C-to-U editing types being the most prevalent, followed by U-to-C, A-to-G, and G-to-U...

Epigenetic factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs), play an important role in affecting gene expression and, therefore, are involved in various biological processes including immunity protection against tumors. Marek's disease (MD) is a highly contagious disease of chickens caused by the MD virus (MDV). MD has been primarily controlled by vaccinations. MD vaccine efficacy might, in part, be dependent on modulations of a complex set of factors including host epigenetic factors. This study was designed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in the primary lymphoid organ, bursae of Fabricius, in response to MD vaccination followed by MDV challenge in two genetically divergent inbred lines of White Leghorns...

Ticks are an important type of pathogen transmission vector, and pathogens not only cause serious harm to livestock but can also infect humans. Because of the roles that ticks play in disease transmission, reducing tick pathogen infectivity has become increasingly important and requires the identification and characterization of these pathogens and their interaction mechanisms. In this study, we determined the miRNA expression profile of Hemaphysalis longicornis infected with Theileria orientalis , predicted the target genes of miRNAs involved in this infection process, and investigated the role of miRNA target recognition during host-pathogen interactions...

Utilizing chemical agents in pest management in modern agricultural practices has been the predominant approach since the advent of synthetic insecticides. However, insecticide resistance is an emerging issue, as pest populations evolve to survive exposure to chemicals that were once effective in controlling them, underlining the need for advanced and innovative approaches to managing pests. In insects, microRNAs (miRNAs) serve as key regulators of a wide range of biological functions, characterized by their dynamic expression patterns and the ability to target genes...

The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanisms through which different levels of GAA affect chicken muscle development by influencing miRNA expression, to lay a theoretical foundation for the identification of key functional small RNAs related to poultry muscle development, and to provide new insights into the regulatory mechanisms of GAA on muscle development and meat quality in broilers. It provides a new theoretical basis for using GAA as a feed additive to improve feed performance. Small RNA sequencing technology was utilized to obtain the expression profiles of miRNA in the broiler pectoral muscle fed with different levels of GAA (0 g/kg, 1...

Preeclampsia (PE) occurs in 5% to 7% of all pregnancies, and the PE that results from abnormal placentation acts as a primary cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The objective of this secondary analysis was to elucidate the pathogenesis of PE by probing protein-protein interactions from in silico analysis of transcriptomes between PE and normal placenta from Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE149812). The pathogenesis of PE is apparently determined by associations of miRNA molecules and their target genes and the degree of changes in their expressions with irregularities in the functions of hemostasis, vascular systems, and inflammatory processes at the fetal-maternal interface...

INTRODUCTION: Prior studies have investigated the diagnostic potential of microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles for endometriosis. However, the vast majority of previous studies have only included adult women. Therefore, we sought to investigate differential expression of miRNAs among adolescents and young adults with endometriosis. METHODS: The Women's Health Study: from Adolescence to Adulthood (A2A) is an ongoing WERF EPHect compliant longitudinal cohort. Our analysis included 64 patients with surgically-confirmed endometriosis (96% rASRM stage I/II) and 118 females never diagnosed with endometriosis frequency matched on age (median = 21 years) and hormone use at blood draw...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Circular RNAs can serve as detection biomarkers and therapeutic targets for tumors. Our study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms associated with circRNA LDLR (circLDLR) in gastric cancer (GC) proliferation and aerobic glycolysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression signatures of circLDLR, miR-449b-5p, and CHD1 were examined in GC samples using quantitative PCR. Proliferation ability of MKN-45 cells was assessed via CCK-8 and EdU assays, and cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry...

The base excision repair (BER) Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1) enzyme is endowed with several non-repair activities including miRNAs processing. APE1 is overexpressed in many cancers but its causal role in the tumorigenic processes is largely unknown. We recently described that APE1 can be actively secreted by mammalian cells through exosomes. However, APE1 role in EVs or exosomes is still unknown, especially regarding a putative regulatory function on vesicular small non-coding RNAs. Through dedicated transcriptomic analysis on cellular and vesicular small RNAs of different APE1-depleted cancer cell lines, we found that miRNAs loading into EVs is a regulated process, dependent on APE1, distinctly conveying RNA subsets into vesicles...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a prevalent and debilitating condition, which often leads to the development of post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE), a condition that yet lacks preventive strategies. Biperiden, an anticholinergic drug, is a promising candidate that has shown efficacy in murine models of PTE. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small regulatory RNAs, can help in understanding the biological basis of PTE and act as TBI- and PTE-relevant biomarkers that can be detected peripherally, as they are present in extracellular vesicles (EVs) that cross the blood-brain barrier...

Astrocytes are in constant communication with neurons during the establishment and maturation of functional networks in the developing brain. Astrocytes release extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing microRNA (miRNA) cargo that regulates transcript stability in recipient cells. Astrocyte released factors are thought to be involved in neurodevelopmental disorders. Healthy astrocytes partially rescue Rett Syndrome (RTT) neuron function. EVs isolated from stem cell progeny also correct aspects of RTT. EVs cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and their cargo is found in peripheral blood which may allow non-invasive detection of EV cargo as biomarkers produced by healthy astrocytes...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify a set of serum miRNAs as potential biomarkers for lung cancer diagnosis using algorithmic approaches. METHODS: Serum miRNA expression data from lung cancer patients and non-tumor controls were obtained. The top six miRNAs were selected using Boruta-shap and RFC-RFECV algorithms. A Gaussian Naive Bayes (NB) classifier was trained and evaluated using cross-validation, ROC curve analysis, and evaluation metrics. RESULTS: Six miRNAs (hsa-miRNA-144, hsa-miRNA-107, hsa-miRNA-484, hsa-miRNA-103, hsa-miRNA-26b, and hsa-miRNA-641) were identified as feature genes...

While DNA amplifier-built nanobiosensors featuring a DNA polymerase-free catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) reaction have shown promise in fluorescence imaging assays within live biosystems, challenges persist due to unsatisfactory precision stemming from premature activation, insufficient sensitivity arising from low reaction kinetics, and poor biostability caused by endonuclease degradation. In this research, we aim to tackle these issues. One aspect involves inserting an analyte-binding unit with a photoinduced cleavage bond to enable a light-powered notion...

Discriminating secretory phenotypes provides a direct, intact, and dynamic way to evaluate the heterogeneity in cell states and activation, which is significant for dissecting non-genetic heterogeneity for human health studies and disease diagnostics. In particular, secreted microRNAs, soluble signaling molecules released by various cells, are increasingly recognized as a critical mediator for cell-cell communication and the circulating biomarkers for disease diagnosis. However, single-cell analysis of secreted miRNAs is still lacking due to the limited available tools...

Accurate microRNA (miRNA) detection is pivotal in the diagnosis and monitoring of cancer. Entropy-driven catalysis (EDC) has attracted widespread attention as an enzyme-free, isothermal technique for miRNA detection owing to its inherent simplicity and reliability. However, conventional EDC is a single-output mode, limiting the efficiency of signal amplification. In this study, a novel EDC dual-output mode was employed in conjunction with DNAzyme, resulting in the development of an EDC dual-end DNAzyme (EDC-DED) approach for highly sensitive miRNA detection...

BACKGROUND: Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show great promise in treating osteoarthritis (OA). However, studies from the perspective of clinical feasibility that consider an accessible cell source and a scalable preparation method for MSC-extracellular vesicles are lacking. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: (1) Does an infrapatellar fat pad obtained from patients undergoing TKA provide a suitable source to provide MSC-extracellular vesicles purified by anion exchange chromatography? Using an in vivo mouse model for OA in the knee, (2) how does injection of the infrapatellar fat pad-derived MSC-extracellular vesicles alter gait, cartilage structure and composition, protein expression (Type II collagen, MMP13, and ADAMTS5), subchondral bone remodeling and osteophytes, and synovial inflammation? METHODS: The infrapatellar fat pad was collected from three patients (all female; 62, 74, 77 years) during TKA for infrapatellar fat pad-derived MSC culturing...

Discrepancies between the measurement of body mass index (BMI) and metabolic health status have been described for the onset of metabolic diseases. Studying novel biomarkers, some of which are associated with metabolic syndrome, can help us to understand the differences between metabolic health (MetH) and BMI. A group of 1469 young adults with pre-specified anthropometric and blood biochemical parameters were selected. Of these, 80 subjects were included in the downstream analysis that considered their BMI and MetH parameters for selection as follows: norm weight metabolically healthy (MHNW) or metabolically unhealthy (MUNW); overweight/obese metabolically healthy (MHOW) or metabolically unhealthy (MUOW)...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. A cross-kingdom regulatory function has been unveiled for plant miRNAs (xenomiRs), which could shape inter-species interactions of plants with other organisms (bacteria and humans) and thus, be key functional molecules of plant-based food in mammals. However, discrepancies regarding the stability and bioavailability of dietary plant miRNAs on the host cast in doubt whether these molecules could have a significant impact on human physiology...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation of miR-155 expression with drug sensitivity of FLT3-ITD+ acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line and its potential regulatory mechanism. METHODS: By knocking out miR-155 gene in FLT3-ITD+ AML cell line MV411 through CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology, monoclonal cells were screened. The genotype of these monoclonal cells was validated by PCR and Sanger sequencing. The expression of mature miRNA was measured by RT-qPCR. The treatment response of doxorubicin, quizartinib and midostaurin were measured by MTT assay and IC50 of these drugs were calculated to identify the sensitivity...

Objectives: We previously found that the pluripotency factor OCT4 is reactivated in smooth muscle cells (SMC) in human and mouse atherosclerotic plaques and plays an atheroprotective role. Loss of OCT4 in SMC in vitro was associated with decreases in SMC migration. However, molecular mechanisms responsible for atheroprotective SMC-OCT4-dependent effects remain unknown. Methods: Since studies in embryonic stem cells demonstrated that OCT4 regulates long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), making them candidates for OCT4 effect mediators, we applied an in vitro approach to investigate the interactions between OCT4-regulated lncRNAs, mRNAs, and miRNAs in SMC...