infectious colitis

BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal complications are common in kidney transplant (KT) patients and can be a consequence of the chronic use of immunosuppression. The differential diagnosis of colitis in KT patients includes intolerance to immunosuppressive agents, namely mycophenolate mofetil, de novo inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and opportunistic infections. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection may cause post-transplant colitis or trigger de novo IBD, although is seldom thought as the causative pathogen...

INTRODUCTION: Cold snare polypectomy (CSP) is a procedure with a low risk of complications. Here, we present our experience of a rare case of submucosal abscess following CSP in an immunosuppressed patient. CASE PRESENTATION: Seventy-eight-year-old man underwent CSP, developing a fever, chills, and right lower abdominal pain 8 days later. Ultrasound and computed tomography revealed wall thickening of the ascending colon, presenting as whitening and thickening of the same region, and excretion of pus was observed after biopsy...

BACKGROUND: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of infection. The aim of this study was to assess the cumulative incidence and risk of infection in patients with IBD treated with interleukin (IL)-targeting agents. METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials including patients with IBD receiving IL-targeting agents compared with patients receiving placebo or treatment that only differed from the intervention arm in the absence of an IL-targeting agent...

PURPOSE: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) has been identified as a mediator in various inflammatory diseases. Bacterial infection of the intestine and hypoxia can both lead to inflammatory responses, but the role of MPO in these phenomena remains unclear. METHODS: By building the MPO-/- mice, we evaluated relevant inflammatory factors and tissue damage in mice with intestinal Citrobacter rodentium infection and hypoxia. The body weight and excreted microorganisms were monitored...

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare inborn error of immunity that typically manifests with infectious complications. As the name suggest though, inflammatory complications are also common, often affecting the gastrointestinal, respiratory, urinary tracts and other tissues. These can be seen in all various types of CGD, from X-linked and autosomal recessive to X-linked carriers. The pathogenetic mechanisms underlying these complications are not well understood, but are likely multi-factorial and reflect the body's attempt to control infections...

BACKGROUND: Acute infectious diarrhea is a common cause of hospitalization in children. Hence, early identification of acute bacterial gastroenteritis with suspected sepsis in pediatric emergency departments (EDs) is important. This study aimed to describe the clinical spectrum and initial characteristics of children who were presented to a pediatric ED with acute infectious diarrhea and suspected sepsis. METHODS: Between April 2020 to March 2021, children with clinical diagnoses of acute bacterial colitis and suspected sepsis who were admitted to the pediatric ED were prospectively enrolled...

There is abundant literature reporting about the use of antibiotics in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but their role in the management of IBD is not entirely clear. Diverse infectious organisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. Also, infections are believed to be a trigger for flares of ulcerative colitis. The benefit of the routine use of antibiotics in IBD is equivocal. However, there are certain situations, where antibiotics have a clear role and evidence of benefit: perianal fistula, intra-abdominal abscesses in Crohn's disease, acute pouchitis and infection-related flares...

G-protein signaling regulator 16 (RGS16) has been confirmed that RGS16 is associated with cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, many studies have shown that RGS16 can be used as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. We used CiteSpace and VOS viewer software to perform a bibliometric analysis of 290 publications in the core collection of Web of Science. All the articles come from 399 institutions, including 618 authors, 179 journals, 40 countries, 115 keywords, 1 language, two types of papers, and reviews...

Acute Fibrinous and Organizing Pneumonia (AFOP) is a rare pulmonary disease, and it has not been recorded in literature as a pulmonary manifestation of Crohn's disease. A 22-year-old individual with an extensive history of Crohn's disease presented to the hospital initially for hematochezia and diarrhea. Computed tomography of her abdomen and pelvis showed multiple pulmonary nodules bilaterally. The patient did not report cough, sputum production, or dyspnea. Autoimmune and infectious workup were overall unremarkable...

Krill oil (KO) is rich in bioactive ingredients including phospholipids, omega-3 fatty acids, and astaxanthin. While health benefits and roles of KO in modulating lipid metabolism are well documented, its ability to alleviate symptoms related to infectious colitis and modulate gut microbial interactions is still largely unknown. Here we used a multi-omics approach, including transcriptome, microbiome, and metabolome analyses, to understand how KO mediates gut microbial interactions and promotes epithelial healing in an infectious colitis model...

Proctitis is an inflammation of the lining of the rectum that can be either acute or chronic in presentation. Symptoms include rectal bleeding, constipation, rectal discharge, rectal pain, and tenesmus. It is commonly associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. However, it is important to consider the infectious causes of proctitis such as the sexually transmitted infections (STIs), especially Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, as these can mimic the symptoms and pathology of IBD...

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in clinical practice represents a challenge for its management and also prevention of recurrence. Even though there are updated guidelines for infection prevention, control and treatment, CDI remains a leading cause of healthcare acquired diarrhea with increasing incidence in the community. We present here a synthesis of the most recent international guidelines on the management of CDI. In 2021 updated guidelines on the treatment of CDI in adults were published by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) and the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID)...

BACKGROUND: Despite studies of dermatologic manifestations in adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), little is known about the prevalence of IBD-associated skin lesions and their correlation with IBD severity in children. We aimed to address these knowledge gaps in our single-center cohort of children with IBD. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 528 children and adolescents (≤18 years old) with IBD and seen at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, MN) between 1999 and 2017 was conducted...

A 27-year-old man presented with quotidian fever, rash, knee arthralgia, sore throat, and bloody diarrhea. Laboratory findings showed neutrophilia, elevated CRP, ferritin, and liver enzyme levels, and decreased hemoglobin levels. Radiological investigations revealed splenomegaly, systemic lymphadenopathy, thickening of the descending colon wall, and an abnormal uptake in the bone marrow and spleen as seen in F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Malignant lymphoma was initially suspected, but biopsies showed no malignant findings...

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate spondyloarthritis (SpA) incidence in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) between patients treated with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) and conventional DMARDs (cDMARDs) and define risk factors associated with SpA development. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) and divided into two cohorts: cDMARDs or bDMARDs/targeted synthetic (ts) DMARDs treated patients...

BACKGROUND: HMGB1 is a ubiquitous nucleoprotein with immune-regulatory properties following cellular secretion or release in sterile and infectious inflammation. Stool and serum HMGB1 levels correlate with colitis severity and colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, yet recent reports indicated HMGB1 to mainly operate as an intracellular determinant of enterocyte fate during colitis, and investigations into the roles of HMGB1 in CRC are lacking. Using mice with conditional HMGB1-knockout in enterocytes (Hmgb1ΔIEC) and myeloid cells (Hmgb1ΔLysM), respectively, we explored functions of HMGB1 in pathogenetically diverse contexts of colitis and colitis-associated CRC...

AIM: The diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) worldwide is complicated and results in diagnostic delay. However, the diagnostic interval of IBD and the factors associated with diagnostic delay in patients in China have not been determined. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of hospitalized IBD patients in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1998 to January 2018. Patients were divided into non-delayed and delayed groups according to their diagnostic interval...

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is an independent risk factor for adverse postoperative outcomes and is common among patients with Crohn's disease (CD). The objective of this meta-analysis was to precisely quantify the association of preoperative exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with surgical outcomes in patients undergoing intestinal surgery for CD. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were queried for comparative studies evaluating the impact of preoperative nutritional support on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for CD...

The objective of this retrospective study is to summarize causes of disease and mortality in maned wolves ( Chrysocyon brachyurus ) in the North American Species Survival Plan Program (SSP) population. This information will inform and enhance animal health, husbandry, and conservation efforts. Pathology reports were requested from all zoological institutions housing maned wolves between 1930 and 2021. Data were reviewed and cause of death (COD) and reported diseases were summarized and compared by age group, organ system and disease process...

Trichuriasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Trichuris trichiura that spreads through the ingestion of embryonated eggs in contaminated soil, water, or food. In nonendemic areas, T trichiura infestation is very rare and sporadic and is often diagnosed in immigrants from endemic countries such as the Philippines. Whipworms feed on human blood and also erode the colonic mucosa, thereby evoking an inflammatory response. In milder forms, trichuriasis can be asymptomatic and often an incidental diagnosis on screening colonoscopy...