Optic disc detection

PURPOSE: To report a very rare and atypical case of an elderly Caucasian female patient who developed perilesional multiple polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) as a probable complication of choroidal osteoma (CO), associated to preretinal neovascular membrane overlying the lesion. METHODS: Observational case report. CASE OBSERVATION: A 60-year-old Caucasian woman presented with blurred vision in her right eye (RE). Fundus examination revealed a round white-yellowish calcified deep lesion in the juxta-papillary superior area, measuring 4 disc-diameters, with well-defined scalloped margins and an irregular surface...

BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the commonest inherited blood disorder leading to complications occurring due to vaso-occlusion including sight-threatening retinopathy. Retinopathy can be managed if diagnosed early and vision loss can be prevented. Since, very less data are available from India, hence, this study was conducted in children (7-18 years) with SCD to diagnose retinopathy by using ocular coherence tomography (OCT) in subclinical stages. METHODS: This cross sectional single-center study was performed in 7-18 years age group children with SCD without any visual symptoms...

BACKGROUND: Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is caused by Bartonella henselae infection. In atypical cases of CSD, pathogen determination is challenging. We report a case of Bartonella neuroretinitis with neither a clear history of scratches nor typical general symptoms. The diagnosis was made using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), a high-throughput sequencing technology. CASE PRESENTATION: A female patient presented to the ophthalmologist with complaint of blurred vision in her right eye...

PURPOSE: To report a case of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) in an elderly patient with ischemia of the left splenium of the corpus callosum, providing details of the diagnostic work-up and subsequent follow-up. METHODS SECTION: Case report. RESULTS: A pseudophakic 80 years-old woman referred complaining sudden visual impairment in the left eye (LE) in concomitance with episode of hypertensive crisis. Fundus examination showed diffuse swelling of optic disc associated with flame peripapillary hemorrhages in LE and small crowded disc in right eye (RE)...

BACKGROUND: Multifocal pupillographic objective perimetry (mfPOP) is a novel method for assessing functional change in diseases like glaucoma. Previous research has suggested that, in contrast to the pretectally-mediated melanopsin response of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, mfPOP responses to transient onset stimuli involve the extrastriate cortex, and thus the main visual pathway. We therefore investigate the correlation between peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) thickness and glaucomatous visual field changes detected using mfPOP...

BACKGROUND: While careful planning and pre-treatment checks are performed to ensure patient safety during external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), inevitable daily variations mean that in vivo dosimetry (IVD) is the only way to attain the true delivered dose. Several countries outside the US require daily IVD for quality assurance. However, elsewhere, the manual labor and time considerations of traditional in vivo dosimeters may be preventing frequent use of IVD in the clinic. PURPOSE: This study expands upon previous research using plastic scintillator discs for optical dosimetry for electron therapy treatments...

Concurrent tuberculous optic neuritis (ON) and optic perineuritis (OPN) in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is extremely rare. HIV-induced progressive CD4 depletion is associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis (TB), disseminated TB, and death. Early detection and initiation of anti-TB therapy with corticosteroid commencement helps in achieving better visual outcomes. Interestingly, we report a case of concurrent ON and OPN in a patient with HIV-TB co-infection. A 29-year-old lady, a prisoner, with newly diagnosed treatment-naive HIV, presented with acute-onset reduced vision in the left eye for 10 days...

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this work is to estimate the sensitivity, specificity, and misclassification rate of an automated retinal image analysis system (ARIAS) in diagnosing active diabetic macular edema (DME) and to identify factors associated with true and false positives. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of prospectively enrolled patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) referred to a tertiary medical retina center for screening or management of DME...

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of an automated program for keratoconus and keratoconus suspect detection based on corneal measurements provided by a combined Placido disc and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) topographer. METHODS: In a multicentric cross-sectional study, an artificial neural network (ANN) was created using 6677 eyes from an equal number of patients (classified as 2663 normal eyes, 1616 keratoconus eyes, 210 keratoconus suspect eyes, 1519 myopic postoperative eyes, and 669 abnormal eyes)...

PURPOSE: To quantify relevant fundus autofluorescence (FAF) image features cross-sectionally and longitudinally in a large cohort of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) patients. DESIGN: Retrospective study of imaging data (55-degree blue-FAF on Heidelberg Spectralis) from patients. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with a clinical and molecularly confirmed diagnosis of IRD who have undergone FAF 55-degree imaging at Moorfields Eye Hospital (MEH) and the Royal Liverpool Hospital (RLH) between 2004 and 2019...

Please note that this content has temporarily been taken down as it was inadvertently posted before it was fully ready for publication.

PURPOSE: The aim was to compare the effectiveness of clinical discriminant rules and machine learning classifiers in identifying glaucomatous fundus images based on optic disc topographic features. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. METHODS: The study used a total of 800 fundus images, half of which were glaucomatous cases and the other half non- glaucomatous cases obtained from an open database and clinical work. The images were randomly divided into training and testing sets with equal numbers of glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous images...

Angle measurement is an essential component of precision measurement and serves as a crucial prerequisite for high-end manufacturing. It guides the implementation of precision manufacturing and assembly. The current angle measurement methods mainly focus on multiple axes, high precision, and large measurement ranges. This article introduces the technology of angle measurement from the perspectives of single-axis and multi-axis measurement schemes. Firstly, the single-axis measurement scheme is primarily achieved through optical methods, such as encoder discs that measure energy changes and interferometric phase changes, as well as mechanical, electromagnetic, and inertial angle measurement methods, among which interferometric methods offer the highest accuracy, with high cost, and encoder discs provide the largest measurement range with an ordinary price...

Optic perineuritis (OPN) refers to the inflammation of the optic nerve sheath and it is a rare form of idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease. We report a rare case of bilateral OPN in an obese female teenager with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). She was initially presented with painless bilateral blurring of vision that was progressively worsening for three weeks duration. Visual acuity of both eyes was hand movement with no relative afferent pupillary defect detected. The confrontation visual field test showed central scotoma...

PURPOSE: To investigate the long-term changes of peripapillary structures detected by enhanced depth imaging of OCT in adult myopia. DESIGN: Observational case series. METHODS: Myopic participants who had undergone a full baseline ophthalmologic examination and followed up with a minimum of 8 years were included. Using enhanced depth imaging of OCT, scans around the optic disc in the follow-up mode which enabled capturing of the same positions were performed in 65 eyes...

Neurovascular coupling is a vital mechanism employed by the cerebrovascular system, including the eye, to regulate blood flow in periods of neuronal activation. This study aims to investigate if laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) can detect coupling response elicited by flickering light stimuli and how variations in stimulus type and duration can affect the magnitude and evolution of blood flow in the optic nerve head (ONH) and peripapillary vessels. Healthy adults were exposed to two types of 10-Hz flicker stimuli: a photopic negative response-like stimulus (PhNR-S) or a visual evoked potential-like stimulus (VEP-S)-each presented in separate 10- and 60-s epochs...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of steady state pattern electroretinogram (ss-PERG) in detecting retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dysfunction in glaucoma suspects (GS) who had normal 24-2 Humphrey Visual Fields (HFA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study of GS patients who were identified based on optic disc appearance with normal HFAs. Patients received a complete eye examination, standard automated perimetry (SAP), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and ss-PERG measurements...

The condition known as Plus disease is distinguished by atypical alterations in the retinal vasculature of neonates born prematurely. It has been demonstrated that the diagnosis of Plus disease is subjective and qualitative in nature. The utilization of quantitative methods and computer-based image analysis to enhance the objectivity of Plus disease diagnosis has been extensively established in the literature. This study presents the development of a computer-based image analysis method aimed at automatically distinguishing Plus images from non-Plus images...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the utility of ultrawide-field fluorescein angiography (UWFFA) in patients with anterior uveitis by investigating the detection of retinal vascular leakage (RVL) and the subsequent implications on disease diagnosis and management. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients, who were referred to the National Eye Institute (NEI) for evaluation of anterior uveitis and underwent UWFFA imaging at the initial visit, were included in this study. The electronic medical records of eligible patients were reviewed...

The main factor causing irreversible blindness is glaucoma. Early detection greatly reduces the risk of further vision loss. To address this problem, we developed a domain adaptation-based deep learning model called Glaucoma Domain Adaptation (GDA) based on 66,742 fundus photographs collected from 3272 eyes of 1636 subjects. GDA learns domain-invariant and domain-specific representations to extract both general and specific features. We also developed a progressive weighting mechanism to accurately transfer the source domain knowledge while mitigating the transfer of negative knowledge from the source to the target domain...