Optic disc detection

PRCIS: Peripapillary retinoschisis may bias optical coherence tomography's monitoring of glaucoma progression. Its impact on glaucoma still remains uncertain. Only two out of the ten included studies illustrated a correlation between peripapillary retinoschisis and glaucoma progression. PURPOSE: The frequent use of optical coherence tomography increased the detection of peripapillary retinoschisis, which poses challenges in the follow-up of glaucoma patients. This systematic review aims to summarize the literature regarding peripapillary retinoschisis in glaucoma, exploring its prevalence, impact on disease, and clinical management implications...

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the diagnostic ability of macula retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL) thickness in preperimetric glaucoma (PPG) patients. METHODS: This prospective study included 83 patients with PPG and 83 age- and refractive error-matched normal control subjects. PPG was defined as a localized RNFL defect corresponding to glaucomatous optic disc changes with a normal visual field test. We used spectral-domain (SD) OCT to measure the circumpapillary RNFL (cpRNFL) thickness and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness...

Neuro-ophthalmologists commonly receive referrals for possible papilloedema. One common cause of oedematous-appearing optic nerves is optic disc drusen (ODD). We describe a novel, handheld, portable ultrasound device that can be used to identify ODD in cases of suspected papilloedema. We demonstrate here that this portable ultrasound system can detect ODD in the outpatient ophthalmology and neurology settings. The portable version demonstrates several advantages. The device can be carried into the office, readily reducing visit times and office space...

Marijuana is the most commonly used federally illegal drug in the United States. Acute marijuana use is associated with several cardiovascular and neuropsychological adverse effects. Ocular complications of marijuana abuse are very rare. Herein, we present the first report of bilateral optic neuropathy following smoking marijuana. A 28-year-old man presented to the emergency room with sudden onset of bilateral blurring of the inferior visual field 8 h after smoking marijuana. His best-corrected visual acuity was 20/30 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye...

PURPOSE: The evaluation and management of Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION) lacks standardized guidelines. This study aimed to investigate the real-world practices of neuro-ophthalmologists in the evaluation and management of typical NAION cases. METHODS: A national survey, conducted between 2019 and 2021, involved all practicing neuro-ophthalmologists. A structured questionnaire assessed their approach to risk factor evaluation and treatment of NAION, with 19 questions about risk factors and six questions concerning treatment and prevention of fellow-eye involvement...

AIM: To assess the necessity of neuroimaging in patients with neurological or atypical findings of normal tension glaucoma (NTG) who do not exhibit typical glaucoma manifestations. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 90 atypical NTG patients who underwent cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) due to atypical symptoms. The demographic characteristics, clinical parameters, and radiological findings were recorded. RESULTS: Among the patients, 66...

AIM: To detect if we can use the reduction in the optic disc vessel density as an indicator to the reduction in intracranial tension in patients with residual optic disc elevation after shunt surgery as fundus examination in those cases is not conclusive. PATIENTS AND METHOD: 21 patients with papilledema due to idiopathic intracranial hypertension underwent shunt surgery. Full neurological and ophthalmological assessments were done. The optic disc vessel density was measured before and 3 months after surgery...

Most diabetes patients are liable to have diabetic retinopathy (DR); however, the majority of them might not be even aware of the ailment. Therefore, early detection and treatment of DR are necessary to prevent vision loss. But, avoiding DR is not a simple process. An ophthalmologist can typically identify DR through an optical evaluation of the fundus and through the evaluation of color pictures. However, due to the increased count of DR patients, this could not be possible as it consumes more time. To rectify this problem, a novel deep ensemble-based DR classification technique is developed in this work...

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of visual impairment globally. It occurs due to long-term diabetes with fluctuating blood glucose levels. It has become a significant concern for people in the working age group as it can lead to vision loss in the future. Manual examination of fundus images is time-consuming and requires much effort and expertise to determine the severity of the retinopathy. To diagnose and evaluate the disease, deep learning-based technologies have been used, which analyze blood vessels, microaneurysms, exudates, macula, optic discs, and hemorrhages also used for initial detection and grading of DR...

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate changes in retinal microvascular morphology and associated factors, and their relationship with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS: Thirty-eight children enrolled in this three-year follow-up study underwent complete ophthalmic examinations including fundus photography. Retinal vascular parameters were measured automatically and compared between baseline and follow-up...

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the impact of additives such as ZrO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles (ZrO2 NP or SiO2 NP) on the hardness, surface roughness, and color stability of 3D printed provisional restorations. Two hundred samples in total were printed using 3D printed resins (ASIGA, and NextDent). Each resin was modified with ZrO2 NPs or SiO2 NPs in two different concentrations (0.5 wt% and 1 wt%), while one group was kept unmodified (n = 10). Disc-shaped (15 × 2.5 mm) samples were designed and printed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendation...

Glaucoma is a common eye disease that can cause blindness. Accurate detection of the optic disc and cup disc is crucial for glaucoma diagnosis. Algorithm models based on artificial intelligence can assist doctors in improving detection performance. In this article, U-Net is used as the backbone network, and the attention and residual modules are integrated to construct an end-to-end convolutional neural network model for optic disc and cup disc segmentation. The U-Net backbone is used to infer the basic position information of optic disc and cup disc, the attention module enhances the model's ability to represent and extract features of optic disc and cup disc, and the residual module alleviates gradient disappearance or explosion that may occur during feature representation of the neural network...

PURPOSE: We aimed to compare retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and peripapillary vessel density values between COVID-19 patients with or without olfactory/gustatory dysfunction symptoms and healthy controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated RNFL and radial peripapillary capillary vessel density (RPC-VD) values of 41 patients who had COVID-19 history and age- and gender-matched control group including 31 healthy individuals with optical coherence tomography angiography...

PURPOSE: To report a very rare and atypical case of an elderly Caucasian female patient who developed perilesional multiple polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) as a probable complication of choroidal osteoma (CO), associated to preretinal neovascular membrane overlying the lesion. METHODS: Observational case report. CASE OBSERVATION: A 60-year-old Caucasian woman presented with blurred vision in her right eye (RE). Fundus examination revealed a round white-yellowish calcified deep lesion in the juxta-papillary superior area, measuring 4 disc-diameters, with well-defined scalloped margins and an irregular surface...

BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the commonest inherited blood disorder leading to complications occurring due to vaso-occlusion including sight-threatening retinopathy. Retinopathy can be managed if diagnosed early and vision loss can be prevented. Since, very less data are available from India, hence, this study was conducted in children (7-18 years) with SCD to diagnose retinopathy by using ocular coherence tomography (OCT) in subclinical stages. METHODS: This cross sectional single-center study was performed in 7-18 years age group children with SCD without any visual symptoms...

BACKGROUND: Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is caused by Bartonella henselae infection. In atypical cases of CSD, pathogen determination is challenging. We report a case of Bartonella neuroretinitis with neither a clear history of scratches nor typical general symptoms. The diagnosis was made using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), a high-throughput sequencing technology. CASE PRESENTATION: A female patient presented to the ophthalmologist with complaint of blurred vision in her right eye...

PURPOSE: To report a case of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) in an elderly patient with ischemia of the left splenium of the corpus callosum, providing details of the diagnostic work-up and subsequent follow-up. METHODS SECTION: Case report. RESULTS: A pseudophakic 80 years-old woman referred complaining sudden visual impairment in the left eye (LE) in concomitance with episode of hypertensive crisis. Fundus examination showed diffuse swelling of optic disc associated with flame peripapillary hemorrhages in LE and small crowded disc in right eye (RE)...

BACKGROUND: Multifocal pupillographic objective perimetry (mfPOP) is a novel method for assessing functional change in diseases like glaucoma. Previous research has suggested that, in contrast to the pretectally-mediated melanopsin response of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, mfPOP responses to transient onset stimuli involve the extrastriate cortex, and thus the main visual pathway. We therefore investigate the correlation between peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) thickness and glaucomatous visual field changes detected using mfPOP...

BACKGROUND: While careful planning and pre-treatment checks are performed to ensure patient safety during external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), inevitable daily variations mean that in vivo dosimetry (IVD) is the only way to attain the true delivered dose. Several countries outside the US require daily IVD for quality assurance. However, elsewhere, the manual labor and time considerations of traditional in vivo dosimeters may be preventing frequent use of IVD in the clinic. PURPOSE: This study expands upon previous research using plastic scintillator discs for optical dosimetry for electron therapy treatments...

Concurrent tuberculous optic neuritis (ON) and optic perineuritis (OPN) in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is extremely rare. HIV-induced progressive CD4 depletion is associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis (TB), disseminated TB, and death. Early detection and initiation of anti-TB therapy with corticosteroid commencement helps in achieving better visual outcomes. Interestingly, we report a case of concurrent ON and OPN in a patient with HIV-TB co-infection. A 29-year-old lady, a prisoner, with newly diagnosed treatment-naive HIV, presented with acute-onset reduced vision in the left eye for 10 days...