Michael Aschner, Anatoly V Skalny, Monica M B Paoliello, Margarita N Tinkova, Airton C Martins, Abel Santamaria, Eunsook Lee, Joao Bt Rocha, Sandra Hp Farsky, Alexey A Tinkov
The objective of the present review is to discuss epidemiological evidence demonstrating the association between toxic metal (Cd, Pb, Hg, As, Sn, Ti, Tl) exposure and retinal pathology, along with the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. Epidemiological studies demonstrate that Cd, and to a lesser extent Pb exposure, are associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), while the existing evidence on the levels of these metals in patients with diabetic retinopathy is scarce. Epidemiological data on the association between other toxic metals and metalloids including mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As), are limited...
April 23, 2024: Food and Chemical Toxicology