Rad.

The mechanical and printing performance of a new biomaterial, flax fibre-reinforced alginate-poloxamer based hydrogel, for load-bearing and 4D printing biomedical applications is described in this study. The-self suspendable ability of the material was evaluated by optimising the printing parameters and conducting a collapse test. 1% of the flax fibre weight fraction was sufficient to obtain an optimum hydrogel composite from a mechanical perspective. The collapse test showed that the addition of flax fibres allowed a consistent print without support over longer distances (8 and 10 mm) than the unreinforced hydrogel...

Mobile health apps are widely used for breast cancer detection using artificial intelligence algorithms, providing radiologists with second opinions and reducing false diagnoses. This study aims to develop an open-source mobile app named "BraNet" for 2D breast imaging segmentation and classification using deep learning algorithms. During the phase off-line, an SNGAN model was previously trained for synthetic image generation, and subsequently, these images were used to pre-trained SAM and ResNet18 segmentation and classification models...

Food allergy is a prevalent and potentially deadly disease caused by inadvertent sensitization to benign food antigens. Pathogenic Th2 cells are a major driver for disease, and allergen-specific immunotherapies (AIT) aim to increase the allergen threshold required to elicit severe allergic symptoms. However, the majority of AIT approaches require lengthy treatments and convey transient disease suppression, likely due to insufficient targeting of pathogenic Th2 responses. Here, we investigate the ability of allergen-encapsulating nanoparticles to directly suppress pathogenic Th2 responses and reactivity in a mouse model of food allergy...

BACKGROUND: Infective endocarditis (IE), a severe and economically impactful condition, lacks substantial epidemiological data in the North Africa and Middle East (NAME) region. This study focused on analyzing the trends and burden of IE in NAME from 1990 to 2019, taking into account factors like age, gender, and socio-demographic index (SDI). METHODS: The Global Burden of Disease data from 1990 to 2019 was retrieved from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) website...

OBJECTIVE: To identify imaging features that help distinguish between HCCs and non-HCC malignancies assigned to LI-RADS M (LR-M) and evaluate the diagnostic performance of a LI-RADS with targetoid criteria using thin-rim arterial phase hyperenhancement (APHE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 381 patients (387 observations) at high-risk for HCC who underwent enhanced-MRI before surgery. Three radiologists reviewed images for LI-RADS categorization of hepatic observations...

INTRODUCTION: Patients with RA are at a higher risk of developing CV diseases than the general population. The precise mechanisms are still unknown. We evaluated the associations between 8 plasma growth factors (GFs) (angiopoietin-2, EGF, HB-EGF, PLGF, TGF-α, VEGFa, VEGFc, and VEGFd) and subclinical arteriosclerosis in RA patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 199 patients with RA treated at the Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus (Spain) between 2011 and 2015 were included in this cross-sectional study...

PURPOSE: To develop an early diagnosis model of prostate cancer based on clinical-radiomics to improve the accuracy of imaging diagnosis of prostate cancer. METHODS: The multicenter study enrolled a total of 449 patients with prostate cancer from December 2017 to January 2022. We retrospectively collected information from 342 patients who underwent prostate biopsy at Minhang Hospital. We extracted T2WI images through 3D-Slice, and used mask tools to mark the prostate area manually...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Accurate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reporting is essential for transperineal prostate biopsy (TPB) planning. Although approved computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) tools may assist urologists in this task, evidence of improved clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) detection is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to document the diagnostic utility of using Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) and CAD for biopsy planning compared with PI-RADS alone...

Background The performance of publicly available large language models (LLMs) remains unclear for complex clinical tasks. Purpose To evaluate the agreement between human readers and LLMs for Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) categories assigned based on breast imaging reports written in three languages and to assess the impact of discordant category assignments on clinical management. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included reports for women who underwent MRI, mammography, and/or US for breast cancer screening or diagnostic purposes at three referral centers...

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections are one of the most common and stigmatized infections of humankind, affecting more than 4 billion people around the world and more than 100 million Americans. Yet, most people do not know their infection status, and antibody testing is not recommended, partly due to poor test performance. Here, we compared the test performance of the Roche Elecsys HSV-1 IgG and HSV-2 IgG, DiaSorin LIAISON HSV-1/2 IgG, and Bio-Rad BioPlex 2200 HSV-1 and HSV-2 IgG assays with the gold-standard HSV western blot in 1,994 persons, including 1,017 persons with PCR or culture-confirmed HSV-1 and/or HSV-2 infection...

BACKGROUND: Indeterminate liver nodules (ILNs) are frequently encountered on diagnostic imaging after positive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance results, but their natural history remains unclear. METHODS: We conducted a multi-center retrospective cohort study among patients with ≥1 newly detected LI-RADS 3 (LR-3) lesion ≥1 cm or LI-RADS 4 (LR-4) lesion of any size (per LI-RADS v2018) between January 2018 and December 2019. Patients were followed with repeat imaging at each site per institutional standard of care...

Population genomics analysis holds great potential for informing conservation of endangered populations. We focused on a controversial case of European whitefish (Coregonus spp.) populations. The endangered North Sea houting is the only coregonid fish that tolerates oceanic salinities and was previously considered a species (C. oxyrhinchus) distinct from European lake whitefish (C. lavaretus). However, no firm evidence for genetic-based salinity adaptation has been available. Also, studies based on microsatellite and mitogenome data suggested surprisingly recent divergence (c...

PURPOSE: Evaluating the performance of the Gallbladder Reporting and Data System (GB-RADS) combined with Color Doppler Flow Imaging (CDFI) for the diagnosis of gallbladder wall thickening disease in an Asian population. METHODS: In this study, the lesions were classified and the actual incidence rate of malignant tumors was calculated for each GB-RADS category, following the guidelines provided by GB-RADS. To evaluate the diagnostic performance of GB-RADS and GB-RADS combined with CDFI, we plotted Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Brain Tumor Reporting and Data System (BT-RADS) is a structured radiology reporting algorithm that was introduced to provide uniformity in post-treatment primary brain tumor follow-up and reporting, but its interrater reliability (IRR) assessment has not been widely studied. Our goal is to evaluate the IRR among neuroradiologists and radiology residents in the use of BT-RADS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study reviewed 103 consecutive MR studies in 98 adult patients previously diagnosed with and treated for primary brain tumor (January 2019 to February 2019)...

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INTRODUCTION: The terrible triad of the elbow includes an elbow dislocation or subluxation with coronoid and in combination with radial head fractures. Still, none of them are accompanied by rupture of the triceps tendon. CASE REPORT: The article describes a terrible triad injury in a young patient with an additional triceps rupture. The treatment involved lateral and medial approaches for the repair of various ligaments and fractures, but the elbow remained unstable...

Primary Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma of the breast is a rare presentation of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In this report, we present the case of primary small lymphocytic lymphoma of the breast in a 65-year-old female who presented with an abnormal breast ultrasound significant for a nodule of the right breast consistent with BI-RADS 4, indicating follow-up with ultrasound-guided biopsy for further diagnostic evaluation. The patient had no prior history of extramammary lymphoma or widespread disease. A sample of the breast mass was obtained via ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy and the pathology report revealed low-grade B-cell Lymphoma...

While exagamglogene autotemcel (Casgevy) and lovotibeglogene autotemcel (Lyfgenia) have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as the first cell-based gene therapies for the treatment of patients 12 years of age and older with sickle cell disease (SCD), this treatment is not universally accessible. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) has the potential to eradicate the symptoms of patients with SCD, but a significant obstacle in HSCT for SCD is the availability of suitable donors, particularly human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched related donors...

BACKGROUND: Although many people with MS (pwMS) modify their diet after diagnosis, there is still no consensus on dietary recommendations for pwMS. A number of observational studies have explored associations of diet and MS progression, but no studies have systematically reviewed the evidence. This systematic review aimed to provide an objective synthesis of the evidence for associations between diet and MS progression, including symptoms and clinical outcomes from observational studies...

Despite evidence suggesting the benefit of prophylactic regional antibiotic delivery (RAD) to sternal edges during cardiac surgery, it is seldom performed in clinical practice. The value of topical vancomycin and gentamicin for sternal wound infections (SWI) prophylaxis was further questioned by recent studies including randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to comprehensively assess the safety and effectiveness of RAD to reduce the risk of SWI.We screened multiple databases for RCTs assessing the effectiveness of RAD (vancomycin, gentamicin) in SWI prophylaxis...