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REVIEW
Tarek Hewezi
Alternative splicing (AS) is an evolutionarily conserved cellular process in eukaryotes in which multiple messenger RNA (mRNA) transcripts are produced from a single gene. The concept that AS adds to transcriptome complexity and proteome diversity introduces a new perspective for understanding how phytopathogen-induced alterations in host AS cause diseases. Recently, it has been recognized that AS represents an integral component of the plant immune system during parasitic, commensalistic, and symbiotic interactions...
May 1, 2024: Annual Review of Phytopathology
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matthew A Murray, Katelyn J Noronha, Yazhe Wang, Anna P Friedman, Sateja Paradkar, Hee-Won Suh, Ranjini K Sundaram, Charles Brenner, W Mark Saltzman, Ranjit S Bindra
The treatment of primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors is challenging due to the blood-brain barrier and complex mutational profiles, which is associated with low survival rates. However, recent studies have identified common mutations in gliomas (IDH-WT and mutant, WHO grades II-IV; with grade IV tumors referred to as glioblastomas; GBMs). These mutations drive epigenetic changes, leading to promoter methylation at the NAPRT gene locus, which encodes an enzyme involved in generating NAD+. Importantly, NAPRT-silencing introduces a therapeutic vulnerability to inhibitors targeting another NAD+ biogenesis enzyme, NAMPT, rationalizing a treatment for these malignancies...
May 1, 2024: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xianmin Wu, Wei Zhang, Huining Ding, Yeqian Wen, Kening Guo, Zhongyu Duan, Binyuan Liu
A "one-step" strategy has been demonstrated for the tunable synthesis of multifunctional aliphatic polycarbonates (APCs) with ethylene oxide (EO), ethylene carbonate (EC), and cyclohexene oxide (CHO) side groups by the copolymerization of 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene diepoxide with carbon dioxide under an aminotriphenolate iron/PPNBz (PPN = bis(triphenylphosphine)-iminium, Bz = benzoate) binary catalyst. By adjusting the PPNBz-to-iron complex ratio and incorporating auxiliary solvents, the content of functional side groups can be tuned within the ranges of 53-75% for EO, 18-47% for EC, and <1-7% for CHO...
May 1, 2024: Biomacromolecules
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ziyue Zhang, Yuanfei Zhang, Qiulin Zhang, Chester Shu
We demonstrate a multichannel entropy loading mechanism in an optical frequency comb-based coherent communication system. In high-capacity wavelength division multiplexing communications, the individual laser sources can be replaced by an optical frequency comb, thus reducing the complexity and energy consumption of the transmitter. However, the power variation among different comb lines will lead to performance discrepancies. Spectral flattening filters can be adopted to suppress the variation at the expense of an additional system loss...
May 1, 2024: Optics Letters
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jianwei Tang, Jinlong Wei, Junpeng Liang, Zhaopeng Xu, Tianfeng Zhao, Chen Cheng, Yaguang Hao, Bang Yang, Zhongliang Sun, Ke Li, Yunchen Li, Lingjun Zhou, Zhixue He, Yanfu Yang, Weisheng Hu
Clock recovery (CR) algorithms that support higher baud rates and advanced modulation formats are crucial for short-distance optical interconnections, and it is desirable to push CR to operate at baud rate with minimal computing resources and power. In this Letter, we proposed a hardware-efficient and multiplication operation-free baud-rate timing error detector (TED) as a solution to meet these demands. Our approach involves employing both the absolute value of samples and the nonlinear sign operation to emphasize the clock tone, which is deteriorated by severe bandwidth limitation in Nyquist and faster than Nyquist (FTN) systems...
May 1, 2024: Optics Letters
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jianqing He, Jianping Li, Yuwen Qin, Xinkuo Yu, Tao Huang, Gai Zhou, Songnian Fu
To improve the spectral efficiency of a full spectrum modulated nonlinear frequency division multiplexing (FS-NFDM) system, a blind frequency offset estimation (FOE) method has been proposed. The approach based on the minimum phase correction error can achieve high estimation accuracy of sub-MHz without need of any training symbols. Furthermore, in order to reduce the computational complexity, an eigenvalue-shift method is used to get a coarse search interval of FO, and then the one-dimensional optimization algorithm based on golden section search and parabolic interpolation is used to get the optimal FOE for the coarse search interval...
May 1, 2024: Optics Letters
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chen Wang, Kaihui Wang, Jianyu Long, Wen Zhou, Feng Zhao, Lei Shen, Peng Li, Jianjun Yu
We experimentally realized a high-speed nested anti-resonant nodeless fiber (NANF) transmission with the assistance of the polarization division multiplexing (PDM) and probabilistic shaping (PS) technology. In this system, a low-complexity multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) real-valued equalizer (RVE) is integrated with decision-directed carrier phase estimation (DDCPE), which is robust against the IQ cross talk and a tiny phase disturbance between PS symbols. By using the proposed MIMO-RVEDDCPE, the 60-Gbaud PDM-PS-256QAM signal has been delivered through 2-km NANF satisfying the soft-decision forward error correction (SD-FEC) threshold...
May 1, 2024: Optics Letters
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robert A Jordan, Lars Eisen, Terry L Schulze
We conducted surveys of New Jersey mosquito control and public health agencies to determine their willingness and ability to expand or create and maintain publicly funded tick and tick-borne disease (T/TBD) management programs. Nearly all (86%) of 21 county mosquito control agencies (MCAs) completed the survey, while only 25% of the 102 health departments (HDs) responded, probably reflecting traditional agency responsibilities. Although few of either group had formal programs, many were engaged in T/TBD-related activities...
May 1, 2024: Journal of Medical Entomology
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vasyl Bondarenko, Qiang Chen, Tommy S Tillman, Yan Xu, Pei Tang
PDZ domains are modular domains that conventionally bind to C terminal or internal motifs of target proteins to control cellular functions through the regulation of protein complex assemblies. Almost all reported structures of PDZ-target protein complexes rely on fragments or peptides as target proteins. No intact target protein complexed with PDZ was structurally characterized. In this study, we used NMR spectroscopy and other biochemistry and biophysics tools to uncover insights into structural coupling between the PDZ domain of protein interacting with C-kinase 1 (PICK1) and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7 nAChR)...
May 1, 2024: ACS Chemical Neuroscience
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matthew R Sapio, Ellen S Staedtler, Diana M King, Dragan Maric, Jahandar Jahanipour, Andre Ghetti, Kenneth A Jacobson, Andrew J Mannes, Michael J Iadarola
Adenosine receptors are a family of purinergic G protein-coupled receptors that are widely distributed in bodily organs and in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Recently, antihyperalgesic actions have been suggested for the adenosine A3 receptor, and its agonists have been proposed as new neuropathic pain treatments. We hypothesized that these receptors may be expressed in nociceptive primary afferent neurons. However, RNA sequencing across species, eg, rat, mouse, dog, and human, suggests that dorsal root ganglion (DRG) expression of ADORA3 is inconsistent...
April 30, 2024: Pain
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachel F Wallick, Sagnik Chakrabarti, John H Burke, Richard Gnewkow, Ju Byeong Chae, Thomas C Rossi, Ioanna Mantouvalou, Birgit Kanngießer, Mattis Fondell, Sebastian Eckert, Conner Dykstra, Laura E Smith, Josh Vura-Weis, Liviu M Mirica, Renske M van der Veen
Photoassisted catalysis using Ni complexes is an emerging field for cross-coupling reactions in organic synthesis. However, the mechanism by which light enables and enhances the reactivity of these complexes often remains elusive. Although optical techniques have been widely used to study the ground and excited states of photocatalysts, they lack the specificity to interrogate the electronic and structural changes at specific atoms. Herein, we report metal-specific studies using transient Ni L- and K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy of a prototypical Ni photocatalyst, (dtbbpy)Ni( o -tol)Cl (dtb = 4,4'-di- tert -butyl, bpy = bipyridine, o -tol = ortho -tolyl), in solution...
May 1, 2024: Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xinyuan Cao, Jisi Huang, Kexin Du, Yawen Tian, Zhixin Hu, Zhu Luo, Jinlong Wang, Yanbing Guo
The development of highly efficient catalysts for formaldehyde (HCHO) oxidation is of significant interest for the improvement of indoor air quality. Up to 400 works relating to the catalytic oxidation of HCHO have been published to date; however, their analysis for collective inference through conventional literature search is still a challenging task. A machine learning (ML) framework was presented to predict catalyst performance from experimental descriptors based on an HCHO oxidation catalysts database...
May 1, 2024: Environmental Science & Technology
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Biping Xu, Xiaojie Liu, Lei Deng, Yaping Shang, Xiaoming Jie, Weiping Su
Polyfunctionalized arenes are privileged structural motifs in both academic and industrial chemistry. Conventional methods for accessing this class of chemicals usually involve stepwise modification of phenyl rings, often necessitating expensive noble metal catalysts and suffering from low reactivity and selectivity when introducing multiple functionalities. We herein report dehydrogenative synthesis of N -functionalized 2-aminophenols from cyclohexanones and amines. The developed reaction system enables incorporating amino and hydroxyl groups into aromatic rings in a one-shot fashion, which simplifies polyfunctionalized 2-aminophenol synthesis by circumventing issues associated with traditional arene modifications...
May 3, 2024: Science Advances
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Taka Sawazaki, Daisuke Sasaki, Youhei Sohma
Amine modification through nucleophilic attack of the amine functionality is a very common chemical transformation. Under biorelevant conditions using acidic-to-neutral pH buffer, however, the nucleophilic reaction of alkyl amines (pKa ≈ 10) is not facile due to the generation of ammonium ions lacking nucleophilicity. Here, we disclose a unique molecular transformation system, <u>c</u>atalysis driven by <u>a</u>myloid-<u>s</u>ubstrate comp<u>l</u>ex (CASL), that promotes amine modifications in acidic buffer...
May 7, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Adip Jhaveri, Spencer Loggia, Yian Qian, Margaret E Johnson
Macromolecular complexes are often composed of diverse subunits. The self-assembly of these subunits is inherently nonequilibrium and must avoid kinetic traps to achieve high yield over feasible timescales. We show how the kinetics of self-assembly benefits from diversity in subunits because it generates an expansive parameter space that naturally improves the "expressivity" of self-assembly, much like a deeper neural network. By using automatic differentiation algorithms commonly used in deep learning, we searched the parameter spaces of mass-action kinetic models to identify classes of kinetic protocols that mimic biological solutions for productive self-assembly...
May 7, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peter Reinholdt, Erik Rosendahl Kjellgren, Juliane Holst Fuglsbjerg, Karl Michael Ziems, Sonia Coriani, Stephan P A Sauer, Jacob Kongsted
We explore Davidson methods for obtaining excitation energies and other linear response properties within the recently developed quantum self-consistent linear response (q-sc-LR) method. Davidson-type methods allow for obtaining only a few selected excitation energies without explicitly constructing the electronic Hessian since they only require the ability to perform Hessian-vector multiplications. We apply the Davidson method to calculate the excitation energies of hydrogen chains (up to H10 ) and analyze aspects of statistical noise for computing excitation energies on quantum simulators...
May 1, 2024: Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation
#17
REVIEW
Aliya Mufti, Sheffali Gulati, Kanwal P Kochhar, Iqbal Alam, Sanjay Wadhwa, Kapil Sikka, Rohit Saxena, Suman Jain
Infantile central palsy (CP) is caused due to damage to the immature developing brain usually before birth, leading to altered topography and biochemical milieu. CP is a life-limiting disorder, which causes changes in sensory, motor, cognitive, and behavioral functioning. Understanding its pathophysiology is complex, and current therapeutic modalities, oral medication, surgical treatment, physical therapy, and rehabilitation provide minimal relief. As the brain is plastic, it has an inherent capacity to adapt to altered activity; thus, non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) strategies, like repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, which can modulate the neuronal activity and its function, may lead to recovery in CP patients...
March 1, 2024: Neurology India
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gang Yu, Lu Zhang, Hao Xue, Yujiao Chen, Xin Liu, Juan C Del Pozo, Chunzhao Zhao, Rosa Lozano-Duran, Alberto P Macho
Plant pathogens manipulate host development, facilitating colonization and proliferation. Ralstonia solanacearum is a soil-borne bacterial pathogen that penetrates roots and colonizes plants through the vascular system, causing wilting and death. Here, we find that RipAC, an effector protein from R. solanacearum, alters root development in Arabidopsis, promoting the formation of lateral roots and root hairs. RipAC interacts with CELLULOSE SYNTHASE (CESA)-INTERACTIVE PROTEIN 1 (CSI1), which regulates the activity of CESA complexes at the plasma membrane...
April 30, 2024: Cell Reports
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Monica Pomaville, Mohansrinivas Chennakesavalu, Pingluan Wang, Zhiwei Jiang, Hui-Lung Sun, Peizhe Ren, Ryan Borchert, Varsha Gupta, Chang Ye, Ruiqi Ge, Zhongyu Zhu, Mallory Brodnik, Yuhao Zhong, Kelley Moore, Helen Salwen, Rani E George, Malgorzata Krajewska, Alexandre Chlenski, Mark A Applebaum, Chuan He, Susan L Cohn
The N6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) RNA modification is an important regulator of gene expression. m6 A is deposited by a methyltransferase complex that includes methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) and methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14). High levels of METTL3/METTL14 drive the growth of many types of adult cancer, and METTL3/METTL14 inhibitors are emerging as new anticancer agents. However, little is known about the m6 A epitranscriptome or the role of the METTL3/METTL14 complex in neuroblastoma, a common pediatric cancer...
April 30, 2024: Cell Reports
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Felix Kluge, Yonatan E Brand, M Encarna Micó-Amigo, Stefano Bertuletti, Ilaria D'Ascanio, Eran Gazit, Tecla Bonci, Cameron Kirk, Arne Küderle, Luca Palmerini, Anisoara Paraschiv-Ionescu, Francesca Salis, Abolfazl Soltani, Martin Ullrich, Lisa Alcock, Kamiar Aminian, Clemens Becker, Philip Brown, Joren Buekers, Anne-Elie Carsin, Marco Caruso, Brian Caulfield, Andrea Cereatti, Lorenzo Chiari, Carlos Echevarria, Bjoern Eskofier, Jordi Evers, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Tilo Hache, Clint Hansen, Jeffrey M Hausdorff, Hugo Hiden, Emily Hume, Alison Keogh, Sarah Koch, Walter Maetzler, Dimitrios Megaritis, Martijn Niessen, Or Perlman, Lars Schwickert, Kirsty Scott, Basil Sharrack, David Singleton, Beatrix Vereijken, Ioannis Vogiatzis, Alison Yarnall, Lynn Rochester, Claudia Mazzà, Silvia Del Din, Arne Mueller
BACKGROUND: Wrist-worn inertial sensors are used in digital health for evaluating mobility in real-world environments. Preceding the estimation of spatiotemporal gait parameters within long-term recordings, gait detection is an important step to identify regions of interest where gait occurs, which requires robust algorithms due to the complexity of arm movements. While algorithms exist for other sensor positions, a comparative validation of algorithms applied to the wrist position on real-world data sets across different disease populations is missing...
May 1, 2024: JMIR Formative Research
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