Diffusion tensor imaging

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify features of white matter network attributes based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) that might lead to progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and construct a comprehensive model based on these features for predicting the population at high risk of progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD) in MCI patients. METHODS: This study enrolled 121 MCI patients from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Among them, 36 progressed to AD after four years of follow-up...

BACKGROUND: The role of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation status for glioma stratification and prognosis is established. While structural magnetic resonance image (MRI) is a promising biomarker, it may not be sufficient for non-invasive characterisation of IDH mutation status. We investigated the diagnostic value of combined diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and structural MRI enhanced by a deep radiomics approach based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and support vector machine (SVM), to determine the IDH mutation status in Central Nervous System World Health Organization (CNS WHO) grade 2-4 gliomas...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify clinical characteristics that could predict the response to perampanel (PER) and determine whether structural connectivity is a predictive factor. METHODS: We enrolled patients with epilepsy who received PER and were followed-up for a minimum of 12 months. Good PER responders, who were seizure-free or presented with more than 50 % seizure reduction, were classified separately from poor PER responders who had seizure reduction of less than 50 % or non-responders...

Isolated fornix anterior column infarction has rarely been described and is difficult to assess accurately using conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We report the case of a 75-year-old female who experienced acute anterograde amnesia. MRI performed within 24 h after amnesia onset showed an isolated infarction of the bilateral anterior columns of the fornix on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Her symptoms persisted for up to 50 days, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) showed disruption of the fiber tracts of the fornix...

Demyelination is typically followed by a remyelination process through mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) differentiated from precursor cells (OPCs) recruited into the lesioned areas, however, this event usually results in uncompleted myelination. Potentiation of the remyelination process is an important target for designing effective therapeutic strategies against white matter loss. Here, it was evaluated the remyelinating effect of different β-carbolines that present differential allosteric modulation on the GABAA receptor expressed in OLs...

BACKGROUND: To date, no disease modifying therapies are available for Parkinson's disease (PD). Since PD is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, there is a high demand for such therapies. Both environmental and genetic risk factors play an important role in the etiology and progression of PD. The most common genetic risk factor for PD is a mutation in the GBA1(GBA)-gene, encoding the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase). The mucolytic ambroxol is a repurposed drug, which has shown the property to upregulate GCase activity in-vitro and in-vivo...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the association between past/current sleep duration and macro-/micro-structural brain outcomes and explore whether hypertension or social activity plays a role in such association. METHODS: Within the UK Biobank, 40 436 dementia-free participants (age 40-70 years) underwent a baseline assessment followed by a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan 9 years later. Past (baseline) and current (MRI scans) sleep duration (hours/day) were recorded and classified as short (≤5), intermediate (6-8), and long (≥9)...

The human rotator cuff consists of four muscles, each with a complex, multipennate architecture. Despite the functional and clinical importance, the architecture of the human rotator cuff has yet to be clearly described in humans in vivo. The purpose of this study was to investigate the intramuscular, intermuscular, and interindividual variations in architecture and moment arms of the human rotator cuff. Muscle volumes, fascicle lengths, physiological cross-sectional areas (PCSAs), pennation angles, and moment arms of all four rotator cuff muscles were measured from mDixon and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans of the right shoulders of 20 young adults...


Most deep neural network-based diffusion tensor imaging methods require the diffusion gradients' number and directions in the data to be reconstructed to match those in the training data. This work aims to develop and evaluate a novel dynamic-convolution-based method called FlexDTI for highly efficient diffusion tensor reconstruction with flexible diffusion encoding gradient scheme.
Approach:
FlexDTI was developed to achieve high-quality DTI parametric mapping with flexible number and directions of diffusion encoding gradients...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects the central motor system. In rare cases, clinical features of PLS may overlap with those of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). We investigate neuroimaging features that can help distinguish PLS with overlapping features of PSP (PLS-PSP) from PSP. METHODS: Six patients with PLS-PSP were enrolled between 2019 and 2023. We compared their clinical and neuroimaging characteristics with 18 PSP-Richardson syndrome (PSP-RS) patients and 20 healthy controls...

INTRODUCTION: The number of smartphone apps for brain training is increasing, and the number of people who are working on brain training is also increasing. However, researchers disagree about the effectiveness of brain training. METHODS: Therefore, in this study, we conducted an intervention test with the participation of 70 healthy middle-aged men and women and measured the effect of smartphone apps on lifestyle improvement using brain healthcare quotient calculated from brain imaging data...

BACKGROUND: Movement and tone disorders in children and young adults with cerebral palsy are a great source of disability. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of basal ganglia targets has a major role in the treatment of isolated dystonias, but its efficacy in dyskinetic cerebral palsy (DCP) is lower, due to structural basal ganglia and thalamic damage and lack of improvement of comorbid choreoathetosis and spasticity. The cerebellum is an attractive target for DBS in DCP since it is frequently spared from hypoxic ischemic damage, it has a significant role in dystonia network models, and small studies have shown promise of dentate stimulation in improving CP-related movement and tone disorders...

PURPOSE: In contrast to peritumoral edema in metastases, GBM is histopathologically characterized by infiltrating tumor cells within the T2 signal alterations. We hypothesized that depending on the distance from the outline of the contrast-enhancing tumor we might reveal imaging evidence of gradual peritumoral infiltration in GBM and predominantly vasogenic edema around metastases. We thus investigated the gradual change of advanced diffusion metrics with the peritumoral zone in metastases and GBM...

BACKGROUND: Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders characterized by motor impairment and non-motor symptoms. The involvement of the thalamus in MNDs, especially in conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and its interaction with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), has garnered increasing research interest. This systematic review analyzed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies that focused on thalamic alterations in MNDs to understand the significance of these changes and their correlation with clinical outcomes...

BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has shown individual promise in treating treatment resistant depression (TRD), but larger-scale trials have been less successful. Here, we create the largest meta-analysis with individual patient data (IPD) to date to explore if the use of tractography enhances the efficacy of DBS for TRD. METHODS: We systematically reviewed 1823 articles, selecting 32 that contributed data from 366 patients. We stratified the IPD based on stimulation target and use of tractography...

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is the most common form of atraumatic spinal cord injury globally. Degeneration of spinal discs, bony osteophyte growth and ligament pathology results in physical compression of the spinal cord contributing to damage of white matter tracts and grey matter cellular populations. This results in an insidious neurological and functional decline in patients which can lead to paralysis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirms the diagnosis of DCM and is a prerequisite to surgical intervention, the only known treatment for this disorder...

PURPOSE: In brain development, Myelination is the characteristic feature of white matter maturation, which plays an important role in efficient information transmitting. The white matter abnormality has been reported to be associated with self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (SeLECTS). This study aimed to detect the altered white matter region in the SeLECTS patients by the combination of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) technique...

There are inter-individual differences in susceptibility to the influence of early life experiences for which the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are poorly understood. Microglia play a role in environmental surveillance and may influence individual susceptibility to environmental factors. As an index of neurodevelopment, we estimated individual slopes of mean white matter fractional anisotropy (WM-FA) across three time-points (age 4.5, 6.0, and 7.5 years) for 351 participants. Individual variation in microglia reactivity was derived from an expression-based polygenic score(ePGS) comprised of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) functionally related to the expression of microglia-enriched genes...

BACKGROUND: Corticospinal tract (CST) is the principal motor pathway; we aim to explore the structural plasticity mechanism in CST during stroke rehabilitation. METHODS: A total of 25 patients underwent diffusion tensor imaging before rehabilitation (T1), 1-month post-rehabilitation (T2), 2 months post-rehabilitation (T3), and 1-year post-discharge (T4). The CST was segmented, and fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusion (AD), mean diffusivity (MD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were determined using automated fiber quantification tractography...

The glymphatic system is centred around brain cerebrospinal fluid flow and is enhanced during sleep, and the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis proposes that sleep acts on brain microstructure by selective synaptic downscaling. While so far primarily studied in animals, we here examine in humans if brain diffusivity and microstructure is related to time of day, sleep quality and cognitive performance. We use diffusion weighted images from 916 young healthy individuals, aged between 22 and 37 years, collected as part of the Human Connectome Project to assess diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space index, white matter fractional anisotropy, intra-neurite volume fraction and extra-neurite mean diffusivity...