Pediatric osteomyelitis

A previously healthy 15-year-old boy from a rural county in the southeastern United States was evaluated in the emergency department with fever and worsening toe pain in the absence of trauma. He initially presented to his primary care physician 4 weeks before with upper respiratory symptoms and was treated with corticosteroids for presumed reactive airway disease. His respiratory symptoms resolved. One week after this presentation, he developed fever and right great toe pain and presented to an outside hospital...

INTRODUCTION: Under the Affordable Care Act, the Dependent Care Provision (DCP) was enacted in 2010 and expanded healthcare coverage for millions of young adults ages 19-25 by allowing them to stay on their parents' insurance until age 26. It is unknown whether the DCP has impacted young adults with SB who are at risk for lapses in insurance coverage as they transition into adult care. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to determine the impact of the DCP on access to care (insurance status) and healthcare-quality (hospital admissions for potentially preventable conditions)...

Background and objective Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is one of the common genetic diseases in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This disease results from a genetic mutation that causes malformation of the red blood cells (RBCs), leading to various systemic complications, including vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC), acute chest syndrome (ACS), osteomyelitis, avascular necrosis (AVN), and stroke, to name a few. The leading cause of mortality in SCA is these systemic complications rather than the disease itself. Understanding the risk factors of these complications can help reduce mortality in these patients and improve their quality of life...

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a rare cause of osteoarticular infections. We describe 5documented cases that occurred in 2005, 2009, 2011, 2015 and 2017 in patients admitted to the Pediatric Provincial Reference Hospital of Misiones. These cases corresponded to a 4-year-old boy and 4 girls aged 11, 10, 6 years and 4 months with a diagnosis of osteomyelitis of the scapula and humerus, arthritis of the hip, ankle and osteomyelitis of the distal fibula. All of them were in good general condition on admission and one of them was seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus...

Osteomyelits due to concurrent multi-drug resistance organisms is difficult to treat for any surgeon and infectious disease physician. An eleven-year-old boy presenting with an open fracture of the left radius and ulna after a fall in a stagnant wet field. Despite prophylactic antibiotics and surgical intervention, the open wound was infected, and Chromobacterium violaceum as well as Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated. He was treated with six weeks of parenteral cefepime and amikacin and was discharged upon clinical improvement...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Pediatric patients hospitalized with bacterial infections often receive intravenous (IV) antibiotics. Early transition to enteral antibiotics can reduce hospital duration, cost, and complications. We aimed to identify opportunities to transition from IV to enteral antibiotics, describe variation of transition among hospitals, and evaluate feasibility of novel stewardship metrics. METHODS: This multisite retrospective cohort study used the Pediatric Health Information System to identify pediatric patients hospitalized with pneumonia, neck infection, orbital infection, urinary tract infection (UTI), osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, or skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) between 2017 and 2018...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Osteoarticular tuberculosis, caused by a member of the Mycobacterium genus, represents approximately 10% of the total extrapulmonary tuberculosis in pediatric patients. Its low prevalence and nonspecific clinical presentation lead to a late diagnosis and elevated risk of sequelae. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This retrospective study included seven pediatric patients with non-vertebral osteoarticular tuberculosis diagnosed between 2006 and 2019...

Intramuscular myxoma is a rare benign tumor that presents as a slow-growing, deeply seated mass confined within a skeletal muscle. Histologically, these lesions most resemble umbilical cord tissue. They mostly occur in people between 40 and 70 years old, with a 57% female predilection. These tumors are very rare in children. Only one pediatric intramuscular myxoma case is reported in the literature. The goal of this study is to report the case of a 13-year-old girl who presented to our hospital emergency department in 2018 with right hip pain, elevated inflammatory markers, and fever; her initial differential diagnosis was hip septic arthritis, pelvic osteomyelitis, and pelvic abscess...

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Sickle cell disease is the most common hereditary hemoglobinopathy, which results in abnormally shaped and rigid red blood cells. These sickle-shaped red blood cells cause vaso-occlusion and ischemic phenomena that can affect any organ in the body. As a common cause of disability, the neurological manifestations of sickle cell disease are particularly important. Neuroimaging has a crucial role in the diagnosis, management, and prevention of the complications of sickle cell disease. These complications can affect the brain parenchyma, vasculature, and skull and can be ascribed directly or indirectly to a vasculopathy of small and large vessels...

A 14-year-old previously healthy girl presented with atraumatic onset of low back and flank pain and mildly elevated inflammatory markers. Magnetic resonance imaging disclosed an L5 superior endplate fracture, and cultures grew methicillin-susceptible S taphylococcus aureus . We discuss the variable presentations and appropriate treatments of adolescent vertebral osteomyelitis.

INTRODUCTION: Frontal sinusitis in the pediatric population is a disease that has not been thoroughly studied or characterized. The goals of this study are to characterize the clinical presentation, radiologic variables, treatment modalities, complications, and prognosis associated with acute and chronic frontal sinus disease in the pediatric population. METHODS: IRB-approved retrospective cohort study of pediatric patients who were diagnosed with acute (AFS) or chronic frontal sinusitis (CFS) and underwent frontal sinus surgery at a tertiary level Children's Hospital from 2006 to 2016...

This case report describes a child who developed Pott's puffy tumor and was treated at the Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City. In addition to a discussion of a case, a review of the literature was completed on this topic describing the typical embryology and development of the frontal sinus, and the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of Pott's puffy tumor. The patient was a 23-month-old boy who developed Pott's puffy tumor after recovery from influenza. The patient presented to the hospital with progressing edema of the unilateral eye that spread bilaterally within a few days...

BACKGROUND: Pediatric musculoskeletal infection (MSKI) is a common cause of hospitalization with associated morbidity. To improve the care of pediatric MSKI, our objectives were to achieve 3 specific aims within 24 months of our quality improvement (QI) interventions: (1) 50% reduction in peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) use, (2) 25% reduction in sedations per patient, and (3) 50% reduction in empirical vancomycin administration. METHODS: We implemented 4 prospective QI interventions at our tertiary children's hospital: (1) provider education, (2) centralization of admission location, (3) coordination of radiology-orthopedic communication, and (4) implementation of an MSKI infection algorithm and order set...

Distal radius fractures are among the most common pediatric fractures. In unstable fractures, treatment methods include closed or open reduction and percutaneous pinning with Kirschner wire (K-wire). This report presents a 13-year-old boy with an unstable distal radius and ulnar fractures, following an accident, who was treated with open reduction and K-wire fixation. He had pain and limited wrist range of motion for 6 months. Conventional radiography revealed a lytic lesion with evident sclerotic margin. Chronic osteomyelitis and Brodie's abscess were also indicated...

The age-dependent development of the bone marrow follows a constant pattern and has an impact on the localization and morphology of various bone marrow processes. Physiological, reactive and benign bone marrow alterations must be differentiated from inflammatory or malignant infiltrations. In many cases, a specific age distribution pattern and typical morphological characteristics in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enable a diagnostic classification. The only adequate imaging modality that can provide information about the bone marrow composition is MRI...

Spondylodiscitis (SD) is the concurrent infection of the intervertebral disc and the adjacent vertebral bodies. Currently, there is a substantial lack of structured reviews about this topic. The aim of this study was to systematically review the available literature in order to determine the main features of pediatric SD. A systematic search of MEDLINE database was performed, according to the PRISMA guideline recommendations. Clinical features, laboratory data, radiological signs, treatments strategies, and outcomes were summarized...

Amebiasis is caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica . Extraintestinal amebiasis manifestation includes liver abscess and other rare manifestations involving the lungs, heart and brain. Liver abscess is the most common extraintestinal manifestation. Only few cases of amebic splenic abscess and two cases of gall bladder abscess have been reported. Typhoid fever is an infection caused by Salmonella typhi . It can cause extraintestinal complications such as myocarditis, endocarditis, pneumonia, empyema, osteomyelitis, arthritis, cholecystitis, spleen abscess and liver abscess...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.