urinary cell excretion

Epidermal growth factor (EGF), an essential factor for the proliferation and survival of renal tubular cells, is expressed by distal tubules and normally excreted via urine. Previous studies in rats demonstrated that acute tubular injury reduces urinary EGF levels. However, it is unclear whether urinary EGF is a suitable monitoring marker of tubular repair status after acute kidney injury (AKI) in humans. To address this question, we measured serum and urinary EGF in patients with AKI ( n = 99) using ELISA and investigated whether urinary EGF levels were associated with the severity of tubular injury and renal prognosis...

Wilson disease is a genetic disorder of the liver characterized by excess accumulation of copper, which is found ubiquitously on earth and normally enters the human body in small amounts via the food chain. Many interesting disease details were published on the mechanistic steps, such as the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cuproptosis causing a copper dependent cell death. In the liver of patients with Wilson disease, also, increased iron deposits were found that may lead to iron-related ferroptosis responsible for phospholipid peroxidation within membranes of subcellular organelles...

To maintain an optimal body content of phosphorus throughout postnatal life, variable phosphate absorption from food must be finely matched with urinary excretion. This amazing feat is accomplished through synchronised phosphate transport by myriads of ciliated cells lining the renal proximal tubules. These respond in real time to changes in phosphate and composition of the renal filtrate and to hormonal instructions. How they do this has stimulated decades of research. New analytical techniques, coupled with incredible advances in computer technology, have opened new avenues for investigation at a sub-cellular level...

Cell components soluble in neutral detergent are a diverse group, both compositionally and nutritionally. The present study aimed to evaluate production responses, behavior (eating, ruminating, and idling), and nitrogen balance of dairy goats fed different ratios of neutral detergent-soluble carbohydrate fractions. Five multiparous Alpine does with mean ± SD initial body mass of 49.5 ± 7.9 kg and 60 days of lactation were randomly assigned in a 5 × 5 Latin square design...

OBJECTIVE: Excessive dietary sodium intake has known adverse effects on intravascular fluid volume and systemic blood pressure, which may influence intraocular pressure (IOP) and glaucoma risk. This study aimed to assess the association of urinary sodium excretion, a biomarker of dietary intake, with glaucoma and related traits, and to determine whether this relationship is modified by genetic susceptibility to disease. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational and gene-environment interaction analyses in the population-based UK Biobank study...

Enzymopathy disorders are the result of missing or defective enzymes. Amongst these enzymopathies, mucopolysaccharidosis type I, is a rare genetic lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA), ultimately causes toxic build-up of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). There is currently no cure and standard treatments provide insufficient relief to the skeletal structure and central nervous system (CNS). Human memory T cells (Tm) migrate throughout the body's tissues and can persist for years, making them an attractive approach for cellular-based, systemic enzyme replacement therapy...

UNLABELLED: Despite recent therapeutic advances, achieving optimal glycaemic control remains a challenge in managing Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as effective treatments by promoting urinary glucose excretion. However, the full scope of their mechanisms extends beyond glycaemic control. At present, their immunometabolic effects remain elusive. To investigate the effects of SGLT2 inhibition or deletion, we compared the metabolic and immune phenotype between high fat diet-fed control, chronically dapagliflozin-treated mice and total-body SGLT2/ Slc5a2 knockout mice...

Cadmium (Cd) is a metal with no nutritional value or physiological role. However, it is found in the body of most people because it is a contaminant of nearly all food types and is readily absorbed. The body burden of Cd is determined principally by its intestinal absorption rate as there is no mechanism for its elimination. Most acquired Cd accumulates within the kidney tubular cells, where its levels increase through to the age of 50 years but decline thereafter due to its release into the urine as the injured tubular cells die...

BACKGROUND: Osthole is a natural active ingredient extracted from the traditional Chinese medicine Cnidium monnieri. It has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anti-hyperglycemic properties. However, its effect on diabetic kidney disease (DKD) remains uncertain. This study aims to assess the preventive and therapeutic effects of osthole on DKD and investigate its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: A streptozotocin/high-fat and high-sucrose diet induced Type 2 diabetic rat model was established...

Urinary proteins have been studied quite exhaustively in the past, however, the small sized peptides have remained neglected for a long time in dairy cattle. These peptides are the products of systemic protein turnover, which are excreted out of the body and hence can serve as an important biomarker for various pathophysiologies. These peptides in other species of bovine have been reported to possess several bioactive properties. To investigate the urinary peptides in buffalo and simultaneously their bioactivities, we generated a peptidome profile from the urine of Murrah Buffaloes (n = 10)...

Sodium-phosphate transporter NPT4 (SLC17A3) is a membrane transporter for organic anionic compounds localized on the apical membranes of kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells and plays a role in the urinary excretion of organic anionic compounds. However, its physiological role has not been sufficiently elucidated because its substrate specificity is yet to be determined. The present study aimed to comprehensively explore the physiological substrates of NPT4 in newly developed Slc17a3-/- mice using a metabolomic approach...

Osteoporosis after bariatric surgery is an increasing health concern as the rate of bariatric surgery has risen. In animal studies mimicking bariatric procedures, bone disease, together with decreased serum levels of Ca2+ , Mg2+ and the gastric hormone Ghrelin were described. Ghrelin regulates metabolism by binding to and activating the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) which is also expressed in the kidney. As calcium and magnesium are key components of bone, we tested the hypothesis that Ghrelin-deficiency contributes to osteoporosis via reduced upregulation of the renal calcium channel TRPV5 and the heteromeric magnesium channel TRPM6/7...

In contemporary oncologic diagnostics, molecular imaging modalities are pivotal for precise local and metastatic staging. Recent studies identified fibroblast activation protein as a promising target for molecular imaging across various malignancies. Therefore, we aimed to systematically evaluate the current literature on the utility of fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) PET/CT for staging patients with genitourinary malignancies. Methods: A systematic Embase and Medline search was conducted, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) process, on August 1, 2023...

Acid Sphingomyelinase has been reported to increase tissue ceramide and thereby mediate hHcy-induced glomerular NLRP3 inflammasome activation, inflammation, and sclerosis. In the present study, we tested whether somatic podocyte-specific silencing of Smpd1 gene attenuates hHcy-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and associated exosome release in podocytes and thereby suppresses glomerular inflammatory response and injury. In vivo , somatic podocyte-specific Smpd1 gene silencing almost blocked hHcy-induced glomerular NLRP3 inflammasome activation in Podocre mice compared to control littermates...

Cannabis and synthetic cannabinoid consumption is increasing worldwide. Cannabis contains numerous phytocannabinoids that act on the G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1R) and type 2 (CB2R) expressed throughout the body, including the kidney. Essentially every organ, including the kidney, produces endocannabinoids (ECs), endogenous ligands to these receptors. Cannabinoids acutely increase urine output in rodents and humans, thus potentially influencing total-body water and electrolyte homeostasis...

Evidence indicates that Baicalein can ameliorate renal interstitial fibrosis by inducing myofibroblast apoptosis and inhibit the RLS3-induced ferroptosis in melanocytes. However, the relationship between renal interstitial fibrosis and anti-ferroptosis affected by Baicalein remains unclear. In our study, the anti-fibrosis and anti-ferroptosis effects of Baicalein were assessed in a rat model induced by the UUO method in vivo , and the effects of Baicalein on Erastin-induced ferroptosis of renal MPC-5 cells were examined by Western blot of fibrosis-related and ferroptosis-related proteins in vitro ...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a complex pathological condition that lacks a cure. Certain Chinese medicines, such as melittin, a major component in bee venom, have shown efficacy in treating CRF patients. On the other hand, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of melittin are unclear. MATERIALS/METHODS: A 5/6 nephrectomy model (5/6 Nx) of renal failure was established on rats for in vivo assays, and mouse podocyte clone 5 (MPC5) mouse podocyte cells were treated with angiotensin II (AngII) to establish an in vitro podocyte damage model...

BACKGROUND: In recent years, diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has emerged as a prominent factor contributing to end-stage renal disease. Tubulointerstitial inflammation and lipid accumulation have been identified as key factors in the development of DKD. Earlier research indicated that Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, controls lipid accumulation, and provides protection to the kidneys. Nevertheless, the mechanisms responsible for its protective effects against DKD have not yet been completely elucidated...

Dysregulation of cell cycle, proliferation, and autophagy plays a pivotal role in diabetic kidney disease. In this study, we assessed urinary excretion of molecular regulators of these processes that mediate their effects via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in subjects with long-term type 2 diabetes (T2D) and different patterns of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We included 140 patients with T2D and 20 non-diabetic individuals in a cross-sectional study. Urinary PTEN, Beclin-1, sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), Klotho, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were assessed using ELISA...

Acute pyelonephritis (APN) is most frequently caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), which ascends from the bladder to the kidneys during a urinary tract infection. Patients with APN have been reported to have reduced renal concentration capacity under challenged conditions, polyuria and increased aquaporin-2 (AQP2) excretion in the urine. We have recently shown increased AQP2 accumulation in the plasma membrane in cell cultures exposed to E. coli lysates and in the apical plasma membrane of inner medullary collecting ducts in a 5-day APN mouse model...