hypertension diabetes atherosclerosis

Physiological processes that govern the normal functioning of mammalian cells are regulated by a myriad of signalling pathways. Mammalian mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases constitute one of the major signalling arms and have been broadly classified into four groups that include extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and ERK5. Each signalling cascade is governed by a wide array of external and cellular stimuli, which play a critical part in mammalian cells in the regulation of various key responses, such as mitogenic growth, differentiation, stress responses, as well as inflammation...

Hypertensive nephropathy (HN) is a prevalent complication of hypertension and stands as the second primary reason for end-stage renal disease. Research in clinical settings has revealed that Yanggan Yishui Granule (YGYSG) has significant therapeutic effects on HN. However, the material basis and action mechanisms of YGYSG against HN remain unclear. Consequently, this study utilized a comprehensive method integrating ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS), network pharmacology, and molecular docking to delineate the active ingredients and potential therapeutic mechanisms of YGYSG for treating HN...

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) is believed to be mainly idiopathic since the cause is not usually identified. Several recent studies have examined the role of cardiovascular risk factors in this disease. The aim of this systematic literature review is to investigate the possible association between acquired and inherited cardiovascular risk factors and the incidence, severity, and prognosis of SSHL. A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines...

Endothelial dysfunction is the most common pathological feature of cardiovascular diseases, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension and atherosclerosis. It affects both macro- and micro-vasculatures, causing functional impairment of multiple organs. Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a well-studied traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with multiple pharmacological properties that produces therapeutic benefits against colorectal cancer, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and neurodegenerative diseases. However, it is unknown how PZH affects vascular function under pathological conditions...

BACKGROUND: People with multiple sclerosis (MS) have an increased incidence of atherosclerotic disease, including ischemic heart disease and stroke, compared to people without MS even after accounting for risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and smoking. We compared carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), a surrogate of atherosclerosis, in people with MS and in two groups of people without MS (rheumatoid arthritis [RA]; all other participants). METHODS: We used data from participants in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) who did not have known vascular disease (ischemic heart disease, stroke, transient ischemic attack, peripheral vascular disease) and who underwent carotid ultrasound for assessment of CIMT...

Several cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (e.g., hypertension, poor glycemic control) can affect and be affected by autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity. Since excess adiposity can influence CVD development through its effect on hypertension and diabetes mellitus, it is important to determine how adiposity and altered ANS activity are related. The present study employed structural equation modeling to investigate the relation between adiposity and ANS activity both directly and indirectly through biological variables typically associated with glycemic impairment and cardiac stress in older adults...

AIM: The present study aimed to determine whether decreased masticatory performance and tongue-lip motor function are associated with an increased incidence of adverse health events in patients with metabolic disease. METHODS: One thousand patients with metabolic diseases including diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and hyperuricemia were recruited. Masticatory performance was assessed using a gummy jelly test, wherein glucose elution from chewed gummy jelly was measured...

BACKGROUND: In September 2016, ponatinib was approved in Japan for the treatment of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia with resistance/intolerance to prior tyrosine kinase inhibitors and patients with relapsed or refractory Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. METHODS: We conducted a post-marketing all-case surveillance to study the safety and efficacy of ponatinib in clinical practice, focusing on arterial occlusive events. RESULTS: Data from 724 patients were collected for 2 years from the initiation of ponatinib...

Acute coronary syndrome is commonly associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Myocardial infarction in a young person presents a significant challenge because its etiology is least likely associated with atherosclerosis. Polycythemia vera refers to one of the rare causes of myocardial infarction, which involves enhanced erythrocyte levels, leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, splenomegaly, and a greater chance of vascular occlusion due to clotting in coronary arteries...

Choroidal detachment (CD) is a rare and potentially vision-threatening complication of glaucoma surgery. Inflammation and prolonged ocular hypotony can promote fluid accumulation between the choroid and sclera. Risk factors include trauma, advanced age, use of anticoagulant medications, systemic hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes. CD ultrasound findings will show 2 layers, detaching as far anteriorly as the ciliary bodies, that protrude convexly into the vitreous without extending to the optic disc, often described as the appositional or kissing choroidal sign...

This study aimed to explore the potential correlation between atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We enrolled 6540 patients with T2DM who were receiving chronic disease management for hypertension, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia in Chengyang District of Qingdao. Among them, 730 had ASCVD (ASCVD group), which 5810 did not (N-ASCVD group). The results showed significantly higher levels of age, blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure, ASCVD family history, female proportion, and DR incidence in the N-ASCVD group...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, accounting for over one-third of all deaths in Singapore. An analysis of age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) for CVD in Singapore revealed a deceleration in the initial rapid decline in ASMR. A decrease in smoking prevalence may have contributed to the initial rapid decline in ASMR. Furthermore, other major risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, elevated low-density lipoprotein levels, and obesity, are steadily rising...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The association between HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and death from cardiovascular disease follows a U-shaped pattern, increasing at the extremes. The objective of the study was to characterize a sample of subjects with extreme hyperalphalipoproteinemia (HAE). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 53 cases with HAE were recruited, 24 women (HDL-C>135mg/ dL) and 29 men (HDL-C>116mg/ dL). A detailed medical history was taken and questionnaires on adherence to the Mediterranean diet and physical activity were collected...

BACKGROUND: Copper exposure is reported to be associated with increased risk of stroke. However, the association of copper exposure with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: This observational study included consecutive participants from Xinqiao Hospital between May 2020 and August 2021. Blood metals were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and carotid atherosclerosis was assessed using ultrasound. Modified Poisson regression was performed to evaluate the associations of copper and other metals with subclinical carotid plaque presence...

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses a significant global health concern, impacting both maternal and fetal well-being. Early detection and treatment are imperative to mitigate adverse outcomes during pregnancy. This review delves into the pivotal role of insulin function and the influence of genetic variants, including SLC30A8, CDKAL1, TCF7L2, IRS1, and GCK, in GDM development. These genetic variations affect beta-cell function and insulin activity in crucial tissues, such as muscle, disrupting glucose regulation during pregnancy...

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is estimated to comprise about 290,560 new cases in 2022. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are recommended as adjuvant treatment for estrogen-receptor positive (ER+) breast carcinoma in postmenopausal women, which includes approximately two-thirds of all women with breast cancer. AIs inhibit the peripheral conversion of androgens to estrogen by deactivation of the aromatase enzyme, leading to a reduction in serum estrogen level in postmenopausal women with ER+ breast carcinoma...

Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a symptom of high blood uric acid (UA) levels, which causes disorders such as gout and renal urinary calculus. Prolonged HUA is often associated with hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. Studies have shown that gut microbiota (GM) affect these chronic diseases. This study aimed to determine the relationship between HUA and GM. The microbiome of 224 men and 254 women aged 40 years was analyzed through next-generation sequencing and machine learning...

Vacuolar H+ -ATPase (V-ATPase) is a multisubunit protein complex which, along with its accessory proteins, resides in almost every eukaryotic cell. It acts as a proton pump and as such is responsible for regulating pH in lysosomes, endosomes, and the extracellular space. Moreover, V-ATPase has been implicated in receptor-mediated signaling. Although numerous studies have explored the role of V-ATPase in cancer, osteoporosis, and neurodegenerative diseases, research on its involvement in vascular disease remains limited...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the drug Cortexin on the clinical course and treatment of comorbid insomnia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 50 patients, average age 50.4±2.26 years, with CHI stage 1-2. with concomitant diseases arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus (study CHRONAS). All patients were examined on the day of treatment, 11-15 days and 30-31 days after the end of therapy. At all visits, complaints, neurological status, and changes in physiological and laboratory parameters were assessed...

Background and Objectives: Medical registries evolved from a basic epidemiological data set to further applications allowing deriving decision making. Revision rates after non-traumatic amputation are high and dramatically impact the following rehabilitation of the amputee. Risk scores for revision surgery after non-traumatic lower limb amputation are still missing. The main objective was to create an amputation registry allowing us to determine risk factors for revision surgery after non-traumatic lower-limb amputation and to develop a score for an early detection and decision-making tool for the therapeutic course of patients at risk for non-traumatic lower limb amputation and/or revision surgery...