Raw

We report highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in dairy cattle and cats in Kansas and Texas, United States, which reflects the continued spread of clade 2.3.4.4b viruses that entered the country in late 2021. Infected cattle experienced nonspecific illness, reduced feed intake and rumination, and an abrupt drop in milk production, but fatal systemic influenza infection developed in domestic cats fed raw (unpasteurized) colostrum and milk from affected cows. Cow-to-cow transmission appears to have occurred because infections were observed in cattle on Michigan, Idaho, and Ohio farms where avian influenza virus-infected cows were transported...

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a globally prevalent swine pathogen, capable of generating infections in humans who were in contact with the animal or its raw meat. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic cases to systemic involvement, with low mortality, but with the possibility of leaving definitive sequelae such as ataxia and hearing loss. There are few case reports, due to lack of knowledge of the disease and its atypical presentation. The objective of this article is to report the case of a man with an occupational history of contact with pigs, who was admitted for meningitis and in whom the isolation of S...

In perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the inherent defects of perovskite film and the random distribution of excess lead iodide (PbI2 ) prevent the improvement of efficiency and stability. Herein, natural cellulose is used as the raw material to design a series of cellulose derivatives for perovskite crystallization engineering. The cationic cellulose derivative C-Im-CN with cyano-imidazolium (Im-CN) cation and chloride anion prominently promotes the crystallization process, grain growth, and directional orientation of perovskite...

The neurobiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is hypothetically related to the imbalance between neural excitation (E) and inhibition (I). Different studies have revealed that alpha-band (8-12 Hz) activity in magneto- and electroencephalography (MEG and EEG) may reflect E and I processes and, thus, can be of particular interest in ASD research. Previous findings indicated alterations in event-related and baseline alpha activity in different cortical systems in individuals with ASD, and these abnormalities were associated with core and co-occurring conditions of ASD...

Esophageal cancer (EC) ranks as the 8th most aggressive malignancy, and its treatment remains challenging due to the lack of biomarkers facilitating early detection. EC manifests in two major histological forms - adenocarcinoma (EAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) - both exhibiting variations in incidence across geographically distinct populations. High-throughput technologies are transforming the understanding of diseases, including cancer. A significant challenge for the scientific community is dealing with scattered data in the literature...

Metal halide perovskites emerge as promising semiconductors for optoelectronic devices due to ease of fabrication, attractive photophysical properties, their low cost, highly tunable material properties, and high performance. High-quality thin films of metal halide perovskites are the basis of most of these applications including solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, and electronic memristors. A typical fabrication method for perovskite thin films is the solution method, which has several limitations in device reproducibility, adverse environmental impact, and utilization of raw materials...

BACKGROUND: The Bulgaria Diabetes Register (BDR) contains more than 380 millions of pseudonymized outpatient records with proprietary data structures and format. OBJECTIVES: This paper presents the application results and experience acquired during the process of mapping such observational health data to OMOP CDM with the objective of publishing it in the European Health Data and Evidence Network (EHDEN) Portal. METHODS: The data mapping follows the activities of the well-structured Extract-Transform-Load process...

A microbiological study was conducted on 41 insect product samples (29 raw frozen [21 domestic and 8 imported], 10 powdered, and 2 processed), which were commercially available in Japan. The total aerobic count for raw frozen insects was 5.61 log cfu/g (range: 2.52-8.40), whereas the powdered insect count was 2.89 log cfu/g (range: 1.00-4.57). The bacterial count was significantly higher in raw frozen insects ( p < 0.05). The coliform count for the raw frozen insects ranged from <1 to 6.90 log cfu/g, and that for the powdered insects ranged from <1 to 1...

In the present study, we investigated the potential immunomodulatory effects of heat-killed (hLR) and live Limosilactobacillus reuteri PSC102 (LR; formerly Lactobacillus reuteri PSC102) in RAW264.7 macrophage cells and Sprague-Dawley rats. RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells were stimulated with hLR and LR for 24 h. Cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered with three doses of hLR (L-Low, M-Medium, and H-High) and LR for 3 weeks. The phagocytic capacity, production of nitric oxide (NO), and expression of cytokines in RAW264...

RATIONALE: The chemical constituents of traditional Tibetan medicines (TTM) can be identified using high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) technique. However, the HPLC-MS/MS technique requires the sample to be pretreated and then separated using the specific liquid chromatography method, which is time consuming. This study developed a ballpoint electrospray ionization (BPESI) technique for analyzing the chemical constituents of Sbyor-bzo-ghi-wang...

BACKGROUND: Milk-borne bacteria cause degradation of milk products and constitute a significant risk to public health. AIM: The objectives of the present study are to determine the microbiological quality of dairy products and to investigate pathogenic microorganisms. METHODS: A total of 60 samples of raw milk, homemade cheese, and yogurt were randomly selected from different retail marketplaces in Basrah. The bacteriological and biochemical tests were utilized to identify the pathogens in dairy samples, as well as the molecular technique was used as an accurate diagnostic test...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Potatoes ( Solanum tuberosum ), as starchy plants, have been highly esteemed for their rich supply of nutrients. Numerous studies have investigated the potential health benefits of potatoes and explored potential solutions. Among these considerations, the discussion regarding microbial contaminants has remained an important topic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study used cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) to evaluate the microbial quality (including mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria and mold and yeasts) of raw potato slices during a 14-day storage period...

Globally, the presence of cyanotoxins in water supplies and food has been widely investigated for over a decade. Cyanotoxins are harmful metabolites produced by toxic cyanobacterial genera. These metabolites belong to diverse chemical classes, with a variety of physicochemical properties, chemical structures, and toxic activities. The present study seeks to investigate the occurrence of cyanotoxins in water supplies destined for food processing and assess the human health risk from exposure to cyanotoxins. To achieve this, a simple, sensitive, and reliable analytical method was developed for the determination of microcystins (MC-RR, MC-LR, MC-YR) in process water, raw maize meal, and cooked maize (porridge) at ppb (parts per billion) levels...

Because of their high protein content, easy access and low cost, pumpkin seeds are a valuable raw material for the preparation of antioxidant protein hydrolysates. Micro-coating is an effective method to protect bioactive compounds against destruction. In order to strengthen the alginate hydrogel network loaded with pumpkin seed protein hydrolysate (PSPH), CMC was added as part of its formulation in the first step, and chitosan coating was used in the second step. Then, swelling amount, release in the simulated gastrointestinal environment (SGI), antioxidant activity after SGI, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential, dynamic light scattering (DLS), polydispersity index (PDI) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the samples were evaluated...

Dimethyl sulfate (DMS) is a drug widely used as a pharmaceutical and synthetic raw material. On the other hand, it is highly toxic and requires management and treatment as a hazardous substance. A mass outbreak of chemical burns resulting from DMS poisoning occurred at a drug factory. All three patients were brought to our hospital, a tertiary emergency medical facility, several hours after exposure. Their vital signs were stable, with only eye pain and a sore throat. However, after admission, two patients required emergency tracheostomy or endotracheal intubation due to laryngeal edema...

BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMPO) is the most familiar type of osteoporosis, a silent bone disease. Casticin, a natural flavonoid constituent, improves osteoporosis in animal model. Nevertheless, the potential mechanism remains to be further explored. METHODS: A model of PMPO was established in rats treated with ovariectomy (OVX) and RAW 264.7 cells induced with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). The effect and potential mechanism of casticin on PMPO were addressed by pathological staining, measurement of bone mineral density (BMD), three-point bending test, serum biochemical detection, filamentous-actin (F-actin) ring staining, TRAcP staining, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot and examination of oxidative stress indicators...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Elephantopus scaber (ES) and Sauropus androgynus (SA) have broad biological effects and have long been used in traditional medicine. However, the anti-inflammatory properties of the combination of ES and SA have not yet been fully explored. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of the combination of ES and SA ethanol extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cell lines by inhibiting proinflammatory mediators and cytokines...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonotic disease of great public health importance, particularly in Indonesia, where control measures are limited or are not implemented. This study aimed to detect the presence of Mycobacterium pathogens in milk samples from dairy cattle in Pasuruan regency and Surabaya City, East Java, using Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast staining and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Milk samples were aseptically collected from 50 cattle in the Lekok Subdistrict, Pasuruan Regency, and 44 from dairy farms in the Lakarsantri Subdistrict, Wonocolo Subdistrict, Mulyorejo Subdistrict, and Kenjeran Subdistrict, Surabaya, East Java...

To explore the spontaneous combustion characteristics and hazards of the low-temperature oxidation (LTO) stage in the process of spontaneous combustion of coal and mudstone, the pore structure, spontaneous combustion characteristic parameters, and exothermic characteristics of coal and mudstone were tested and studied, and the oxidation kinetic parameters were calculated. The results show that mudstone has a larger specific surface area and pore volume than coal. From the fractal characteristics, the pore structure of mudstone is more complex than that of coal...

Immune responses during inflammation involve complex, well-coordinated lipid signaling pathways. Eicosanoids are a class of lipid signaling molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids such as arachidonic acid and constitute a major network that controls inflammation and its subsequent resolution. Arachidonic acid is metabolized by enzymes in three different pathways to form a variety of lipid metabolites that can be either pro- or anti-inflammatory. Therefore, an understanding of the time-dependent gene expression, lipid metabolite profiles and cytokine profiles during the initial inflammatory response is necessary, as it will allow for the design of time-dependent therapeutics...