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AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Our aim was to characterise the in-depth metabolic response to aerobic exercise and the impact of residual pancreatic beta cell function in type 1 diabetes. We also aimed to use the metabolome to distinguish individuals with type 1 diabetes with reduced maximal aerobic capacity in exercise defined by <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mi>V</mml:mi> <mml:mo>˙</mml:mo></mml:mover> <mml:msub><mml:mtext>O</mml:mtext> <mml:mtext>2peak</mml:mtext></mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ...

BACKGROUND: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of East Asian herbal medicine (HM) for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in children and adolescents. METHODS: Twelve electronic databases were searched in 28 May 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of HM in children with IDA. The primary outcome measures for treatment included blood hemoglobin and serum ferritin levels, whereas the secondary outcomes included the total effective rate (TER), incidence of adverse events (AEs), average healing time, and hematologic indicators related to IDA...

AIMS/INTRODUCTION: To investigate the long-term efficacy of various encapsulated xenogeneic islet transplantation, and to explore the impact of different donor porcine genetic traits on islet transplantation outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Donor porcine islets were obtained from wild-type, α1,3-galactosyltransferase knockout (GTKO) and GTKO with overexpression of membrane cofactor protein genotype. Naked, alginate, alginate-chitosan (AC), alginate-perfluorodecalin (A-PFD) and AC-perfluorodecalin (AC-PFD) encapsulated porcine islets were transplanted into diabetic mice...

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the second leading cause of dementia with limited treatment options, characterised by cerebral hypoperfusion-induced white matter rarefaction (WMR). Subcortical VCI is the most common form of VCI, but the underlying reasons for region susceptibility remain elusive. Recent studies employing the bilateral cortical artery stenosis (BCAS) method demonstrate that various inflammasomes regulate white matter injury and blood-brain barrier dysfunction but whether caspase-1 inhibition will be beneficial remains unclear...

BACKGROUND: The increasing prevalence of Alzheimer disease and Alzheimer disease-related dementia in the United States has amplified the health care burden and caregiving challenges, especially for caregivers of people living with dementia. A web-based care planning tool, Olera.care, was developed to aid caregivers in managing common challenges associated with dementia care. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to preliminarily evaluate the quality and usability of the Olera...

OBJECTIVES: Fetuses with single ventricle physiology (SVP) exhibit reductions in fetal cerebral oxygenation with associated delays in fetal brain growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Maternal supplemental oxygen (MSO) has been proposed to improve fetal brain growth but current evidence on dosing, candidacy, and outcomes are limited. In this pilot study, we evaluated the safety and feasibility of continuous low-dose MSO in the setting of SVP. METHODS: This single-centre, open-label, pilot phase 1 safety and feasibility clinical trial included 25 pregnant individuals with a fetal diagnosis of SVP...

INTRODUCTION: Periodontitis as a comorbidity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is still not well recognized in the dental and rheumatology communities. A meta-analysis and network meta-analysis were thus performed to compare the (i) prevalence of periodontitis in SLE patients compared to those with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and (ii) odds of developing periodontitis in controls, RA, and SLE. METHODS: Pooled prevalence of and odds ratio (OR) for periodontitis were compared using meta-analysis and network meta-analysis (NMA)...

Metal-organic framework (MOF) particles are one of the most promising adsorbents for removing organic contaminants from wastewater. However, powder-type MOF particles face challenges in terms of utilization and recovery. In this study, a novel bead-type adsorbent was prepared using activated carbon based on the zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (AC-ZIF-8) and a regenerated cellulose hydrogel for dye removal. AC-ZIF-8 particles with a large surface area were obtained by carbonization and chemical activation with KOH...

The EMBL-EBI Job Dispatcher sequence analysis tools framework (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/jdispatcher) enables the scientific community to perform a diverse range of sequence analyses using popular bioinformatics applications. Free access to the tools and required sequence datasets is provided through user-friendly web applications, as well as via RESTful and SOAP-based APIs. These are integrated into popular EMBL-EBI resources such as UniProt, InterPro, ENA and Ensembl Genomes. This paper overviews recent improvements to Job Dispatcher, including its brand new website and documentation, enhanced visualisations, improved job management, and a rising trend of user reliance on the service from low- and middle-income regions...

Signal transduction through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) has been a major focus in cell biology for decades. Numerous disorders are associated with GPCRs that utilize Gi proteins to inhibit adenylyl cyclase (AC) as well as regulate other effectors. Several early studies have successfully defined the AC-interacting domains of several members of Gαi by measuring the loss of activity upon homologous replacements of putative regions of constitutive active Gαi mutants. However, whether such findings can indeed be translated into the context of a receptor-activated Gαi have not been rigorously verified...

PURPOSE: To report the clinical course of an aphakic patient who developed positional secondary angle closure glaucoma following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with perfluoropropane (C3F8) gas tamponade. OBSERVATIONS: A 23-year-old male presented due to a two-year history of vision loss in the left eye. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/200 and intraocular pressure (IOP) was 12 mm Hg OS. Exam revealed iridodonesis and aphakia of both eyes, and a total RRD in the left eye...

Background/objectives: Insulin resistance (IR) plays an important role in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) pathogenesis. A modified triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, including TyG-body mass index (TyG-BMI) and TyG-waist circumference (TyG-WC), has been introduced to represent IR. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic abilities of IR indices in MAFLD, in which fatty liver was diagnosed using computed tomography (CT). Subjects/methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data and images of 852 adults aged ≥19 years who underwent abdominal CT...

Adsorption of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on activated carbon (AC) is considerably hindered by the surface water constituents, degrading the ability of the AC adsorption process to remove PFAS in drinking water treatment. Herein, we developed ionic-liquid-impregnated AC (IL/AC) as an alternative to AC for PFAS sorption and demonstrated its performance with real surface water for the first time. Ionic liquids (ILs) of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (IL(C2)) and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (IL(C6)) were selected from among 272 different ILs using the conductor-like screening model for realistic solvents (COSMO-RS) simulation...

This study evaluated an oscillometric device (OD), Microlife WatchBP Office AFIB, and a hybrid manual auscultatory device (AD), Greenlight 300TM, to determine a suitable blood pressure (BP) measurement device for the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in a mercury-free context. Adhering to the 2018 Universal Standard's suggested consensus, the study involved 800 subjects (mean age 51.2 ± 17.5 years; 44.3% male), who underwent triplicate BP measurements following 5 min of rest in a randomized order (OD-first: 398 participants; AD-first: 402 participants)...

BACKGROUND: The accuracy and completeness of self-disclosures by authors of imaging guidelines are not well known. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of financial disclosures by US authors of ACR appropriateness criteria. METHODS: We reviewed financial disclosures provided by US-based authors of all ACR-AC published in 2019, 2021 and 2023. For each US- based author, payment reports were extracted from the Open Payments Database (OPD) in the previous 36 months related to general category and research payments categories...

BACKGROUND: Patients receiving mechanical ventilation commonly experience sleep fragmentation. The present meta-analysis compared the effects of pressure controlled ventilation (PCV) and pressure support ventilation (PSV) on sleep quality. METHODS: We conducted a search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for studies published before November 2023. In this meta-analysis, individual effect sizes were standardized, and the pooled effect size was determined by using random-effects models...

OBJECTIVES: Natural teeth and dental restorations present with various shades and levels of translucency. This study aimed to determine whether these variations in ceramic crowns and scan powder application affect the trueness of intraoral scanners. METHODS: Eight identical premade resin typodonts, each prepared for a crown on the maxillary right second molar, were used. Eight lithium disilicate crowns, distinguished by two levels of translucency (high and low) and four shades (BL1, A2, A3, and A4), were fabricated to an identical design and cemented onto each typodont, providing eight distinct experimental groups (2 levels of translucency × 4 shades)...

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the true risk of bleeding and nondiagnostic (ND) specimens associated with fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) for neck lesions in patients taking antithrombotic/anticoagulation (AT/AC) medications. METHODS: Using the Population Intervention Comparison and Outcome modeling, we searched PubMed and Google Scholar databases to identify studies published between January 2000 and March 2023 reporting the safety and sample adequacy of FNAC for neck lesions in patients taking AT/AC medications...

BACKGROUND: The increased survival rate among individuals with CHD has sparked interest in their transition to adult healthcare. Although there is a general agreement on the importance of transition interventions, the empirical evidence supporting them is insufficient. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of transition interventions for adult healthcare in adolescents and young adults. METHODS AND RESULTS: A literature search was conducted for studies comparing the quantitative effects of transition interventions with control groups, published up to March 15, 2023, in major databases (CENTRAL, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, KISS, and KMbase), major clinical trial registries, academic journal sites related to the topic, and grey literature databases...

Ubiquitin-specific protease (USP), an enzyme catalyzing protein deubiquitination, is involved in biological processes related to metabolic disorders and cancer proliferation. We focused on constructing predictive models tailored to unveil compounds boasting USP21 inhibitory attributes. Six models, Extra Trees Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, LightGBM Classifier, XGBoost Classifier, Bagging Classifier, and a convolutional neural network harnessed from empirical data were selected for the screening process...